List of Nootropics

[NeuroChi]

I have added a huge list of nootropics that Smoolio organized.

Reputation Comments on this Post:

Nice addition

[Alfa]

I think categories should describe the general category and have contain links to the substances in that category.
More importantly the text in our wiki should be ours. Not copied from other sites.

[NeuroChi]

Yes a wiki on 'Nootropics' needs to be established, this is just a list of them.

The text in the wiki is primarily short bullet points like 'enahnces brain metabolism', and 'stimulates corpus callosum'. Would it be fine to leave these points?

Question is which site they originally came from, searching any piece of text brings up many online websites with identical information. I can go through and re-word each 'note' or 'summary' that appears as a sentence, though the original authors are cited at the top. Should I remove the contents from the wiki for the time being?

[Alfa]

The wiki should explain what a Nootropic is and list what nootropics there are. The names of the various nootropics should be hotlinked like: [wiki]Piracetam[/wiki]. Then members can create wiki articles for each of these nootropics.

[Boltzmann]

A proposed emendation for Aniracetam:

According to the wikipedia article, aniracetam has a halflife of 1-2.5h. To quote it, "Despite the fat solubility of aniracetam, its half-life is much shorter than that of common racetam analogs such as piracetam." [Citation needed, however]
The article here says that it has a longer half-life because of its lipophilicity.

Also, while it is said (and documented) that aniracetam has ampakine activity, it is not stated at what concentration/dose it exhibits it or what potency it has. I would like to see some data demonstrating or suggesting efficacy at commonly consumed doses before it's said that it has that effect when taken.

Any thoughts on the second point?

Thanks!

Edit: I did some homework on aniracetam's ampakinetic modulation:

See PMID 19025058. (Plasma levels of aniracetam upon consumption)
A single oral dose of 400 mg led to peak plasma concentrations of "8.75 +/- 7.82 and 8.65 +/- 8.70 ng/mL"
(400mg/80kg = 5mcg/g = 5ng/mL
According to their phamacokinetic experiments, "plasma elimination half-lives (t(1/2)) were 0.47 +/- 0.16 and 0.49 +/- 0.24 h".
So that would be even shorter than wikipedia states.

Ito et al. J. Physiol. 1990; 424: 533-543. (available on pubmedcentral.)

AMPA amplitude increase only began at 0.1mM. (on the order of a couple percent; See Fig 1D, if you can look at the article).
A significant change (increase by 50%) occurs at 0.3mM (By some math)--> 66mg/liter --> 66mcg/mL = 66000ng/mL

Now, as you can see, peak serum concentration of aniracetam from 400mg was ~8ng/mL in the first study. Thus, the doubled amplitude of Aniracetam was at about 7500 times the oral dose of 400mg, which would equal 3 kg of oral aniracetam, assuming no change in bioavailability.

PMID 10784432 tops all that off by saying that the AUC brain/AUC body for aniracetam was 2.4-3.2% in rats. That means that the brain itself isn't getting the same effective dose as the rest of the body. Let's imagine a potency reduction by a factor of 40, for perspective. Now try consuming 120kg aniracetam!

In conclusion, the ampakine modulation isn't potent enough to be significant at consumed doses. Its interest as the parent compound for ampakines is significant in the history of drug development, but does not deliver clinical results.

Reputation Comments on this Post:

excellent info + references

[JfromM]

"L" - Glycine

Most amino acids occur in two possible optical isomers, called D and L. The L amino acids represent the vast majority of amino acids found in proteins. Glycine, however, because of its simple structure and two hydrogen atoms at the α carbon, does not have D- and L-stereoisomers. It is unique among the 20 standard amino acids in not being optically active and is only in the L form.

There's conflicting info on the web as to whether or not the "L" should be placed in front "Glycine."

I realize this is somewhat silly of me to point out, but to me, including the "L" seems to imply the existence of "D" (which does not exist, in this case)


regards

[NeuroChi]

Originally Posted by Boltzmann

A proposed emendation for Aniracetam:

According to the wikipedia article, aniracetam has a halflife of 1-2.5h. To quote it, "Despite the fat solubility of aniracetam, its half-life is much shorter than that of common racetam analogs such as piracetam." [Citation needed, however]
The article here says that it has a longer half-life because of its lipophilicity.

Thank you for the information Boltsmann, could you open up a thread on the topic of Aniracetams half-life in vivo as well please? This is an important topic to discuss in the forum as well.

Originally Posted by JfromM

"L" - Glycine

Most amino acids occur in two possible optical isomers, called D and L. The L amino acids represent the vast majority of amino acids found in proteins. Glycine, however, because of its simple structure and two hydrogen atoms at the α carbon, does not have D- and L-stereoisomers. It is unique among the 20 standard amino acids in not being optically active and is only in the L form.

There's conflicting info on the web as to whether or not the "L" should be placed in front "Glycine."

I realize this is somewhat silly of me to point out, but to me, including the "L" seems to imply the existence of "D" (which does not exist, in this case)


regards

So, the D form doesn't exist in nature, but could it be synthesized industrially? I'll amend the article, however I'd like to be sure it is more correct to not use the L term for the amino acid because I think I've seen it written this way in my biochemistry text, but I'd have to double check..

[Tech House]

Information below regarding availability pertains to the USA specifically. Note that all substances listed are sold as supplements unless otherwise indicated. These are not "legal highs" and there is absolutely no concern about legal status here.

Noopept is getting a lot of attention recently. While not as thoroughly vetted as other racetams, especially piracetam, it has potential benefits that are extremely promising, although there are reports on other forums of abuse because it generates a potent high when consumed in ridiculously high doses. It can be purchased online.

Racetams in general are rarely, if ever, available in US stores but can be easily purchased online and there is no regulation governing their sale.

DHEA has been available in stores and unregulated in the US for at least 2 decades.

Vinpocetine is available in stores. I've concluded that its effectiveness is questionable, based on countless articles and studies that I've perused. I've been using it daily for 2 years with no noticeable effect, but have taken it as part of a desperate attempt to heal from concussions. I will discontinue use when I run out of it, then maybe I'll see if I notice a difference. I have experienced no side effects, and its potential to lower blood pressure is one factor that kept me interested but I now take other blood-thinning herbs and supplements which makes me concerned about too little plate aggregation and potential internal bleeding.

Deaner is virtually unheard of in the USA by that name. It is known and sold as DMAE and is readily available in quality health and nutrition stores and even some groceries.

Centrophenoxine is available . It is not subject to any regulation and is legally safe to buy.

Hydergine is readily available without prescription. It is sold as a supplement.

Sulbutiamine is available as a supplement. I caution against combining it with any long-acting stimulant (caffeine is OK, but not research chems like ethylphenidate) as it can cause severe anxiety, hypertension, confusion, and other unpleasant effects. Dosage guidelines are important to follow for this one until the user gains personal understanding of how it affects them.

I will add more nootropics to the list when I have time; must go deliver meals to the disabled and elderly now (ain't I an angel?)

[Synthetikk]

Along these same lines, for those interested in nootropics (which is most likely anyone looking at the wiki page) what has worked wonders from me is called Alpha-Brain.

I started popping 3 an hour or two before class, and thought it was placebo, but there's a huge difference between my usual *almost* opiate nod during class, and actually following every line of code and every command executed (Comp Science 288H - Intensive Practicum)

Legal Product, therefore brand name is given. Anyone interested, they also give money back on the first order of 30 pills (god I sound like an ad don't I? Listen to too much Joe Rogan..)

[Wanderer]

This should be broken out into separate articles and where they exist, they should be updated. Where they don't, they should be created. The category tag Nootropics should be added to each article fro every nootropic, and the Nootropics category should have some of this information merged into it.

This article should then go away at that point since the Nootropics category will contain a list of all Nootropics and their articles.

Be well...

[methylman251]

At some stage this should also be extensively revised, with references. Briefly reading through it now a lot of it reads like one of those pop ups you sometimes get - 'here is something thats legal and look it does absolutely everything', and L cysteine for example says the same thing 5 times just in different ways. I think it'd be a real struggle to find references which support most of what is listed.

[Boltzmann]

I've done my homework since this was first compiled. If no one objects, I want to go through and rework what results can be expected. It's not fair to promise more than what can be delivered, although placebo effect is a valuable contribution and I don't want to harm that.

[methylman251]

Originally Posted by Boltzmann

I've done my homework since this was first compiled. If no one objects, I want to go through and rework what results can be expected. It's not fair to promise more than what can be delivered, although placebo effect is a valuable contribution and I don't want to harm that.

Even so I'd rather know that what I've been taking was just placebo and probably an important thing to note actually would be interactions these have with 'real' (for a lack of a better word) drugs. interactions between things which are not really seen as drugs - herbal medicines, misc. minerals and the like, and prescription and illicit drugs can be quite dangerous e.g grapefruit and benzos particularly long lasting benzos. It'd be good to ensure people were informed.

[Gradient]

I think that'd be a great contribution, Boltzman. Perhaps simply adding a line stating that studies demonstrate no efficacy above that of placebo.

[Boltzmann]

Alright. Will be in progress. Editing this post for comments.

1. Is this a "List" or a "Guide"? Why do we have multiple guides? They even share material, not just substances.
2. This contains compounds of varying availability.
"DEANER", "THA", and PRL* don't seem to exist anywhere. Were it useful, it would have been reproduced and published by now.
U4Euh, or 4-methylaminorex, is illegal in almost all places.
Pemoline has been discontinued almost everywhere. Used often in Japan.
Vasopressin, hydergine, and adrafinil are in a gray area.
Piracetam derivatives vary, but are all pretty available.
Vitamins, amino acids, vitamin analogs, and choline are all quite available.
3. Piracetam derivatives are listed independently with too little reason outside of a main central few.
I would recommend listing all in the family, their relative "equivalent doses", mg to mg, and then highlighting piracetam as the most-studied and mentioning that non-response to one of the set does not proclude response to another. Quick information, pros, cons, should be available - not a book to read.
4. Omissions. Gotu Kola
5. http://www.umm.edu/altmed/ - Recommended as a resource in general. Should be added to guide.

Using as resources: http://www.nickbostrom.com/cognitive.pdf, http://www.imaginarymap.com/Piraceta...Nootropics.pdf

Can someone help with these pdfs for the repository? (They could be available, but I haven't searched.)
PMID: 11812254PMID 11106141Cognitive Enhancers (Nootropics). Part 3: Drugs Interacting with Targets other than Receptors or Enzymes. Disease-modifying Drugs (All 3 in the series)