Other - Relatively unknown opioid indoles

[infekt]

Akuammidine • Akuammine • Eseroline • Hodgkinsine • Pericine • ψ-Akuammigine

Taken from Wikipedia:
Akuammine

"Akuammine, an indole alkaloid, is the most abundant active alkaloid found in the seeds from the tree Picralima nitida, commonly known as Akuamma.

The dried seeds from this plant are used in traditional medicine throughout West Africa, particularly in Ghana as well as in the Ivory Coast and Nigeria. The seeds are crushed or powdered and taken orally, and are mainly used for the treatment of malaria[1] and diarrhoea, and as a painkiller. An enterprising Ghanaian hospital started manufacturing standardised 250mg capsules of the powdered P. nitida seed, and sold them around the country where they became widely accepted as a safe and effective pain relief product. This then led researchers to try and discover the active component of the seeds.

P. nitida seeds contain a mixture of alkaloids producing antipyretic and antiinflammatory effects along with analgesia.[2][3] Several of these were shown to bind to opioid receptors in vitro, and two compounds, akuammidine and ψ-akuammigine, were found to be potent μ-opioid agonists, although not particularly selective. Surprisingly the main alkaloid from the seeds, akuammine, was found to be an opioid antagonist when tested in vitro and canceled out the effects of the active agonist components.[4]

Given the confirmed activity of the whole seed extract in humans, this makes it likely that akuammine is in fact being metabolised once inside the body to form an active metabolite, in a similar way to how the closely related compound mitragynine is metabolised to the more active 7-hydroxymitragynine.

Akuammine is the main alkaloid found in the seeds, comprising 0.56% of the dried powder, indicating that the 250 mg "Picap Capsules" sold commercially should contain approximately 1.4 mg of akuammine, plus 0.085 mg akuammidine and 0.015 mg ψ-akuammigine. Akuammine is structurally related to both yohimbine and mitragynine, both of which are alkaloid plant products with uses in medicine."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuammine


Eseroline

"Eseroline is a drug which acts as an opioid agonist.[1] It is a metabolite of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine but unlike physostigmine, the acetylcholinesterase inhibition produced by eseroline is weak and easily reversible,[2][3] and it produces fairly potent analgesic effects mediated through the μ-opioid receptor.[4] This mixture of activities gives eseroline an unusual pharmacological profile,[5][6] although its uses are limited by side effects such as respiratory depression[7] and neurotoxicity.[8]"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eseroline


Hodgkinsine

"Hodgkinsine is an alkaloid found in plants of the Psychotria genus, particularly Psychotria colorata,[1] although it is also found in Psychotria lyciiflora[2] and probably other species in this family,[3] as well as in the related species Calycodendron milnei.[4]

Hodgkinsine has antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal effects, but has mainly been researched for the analgesic effects that it produces, and is thought to be one of the components responsible for the analgesic effects seen when Psychotria colorata is used in traditional medical practice in humans. It has been found to act as both a mu opioid agonist and an NMDA antagonist,[5] both of which are mechanisms of action shared with commonly used painkillers (morphine and ketamine respectively).

Hodgkinsine is a trimer composed of three pyrrolidinoindoline subunits, with the monomer closely resembling another alkaloid eseroline which has similar bioactivity. Due to its complex structure and multiple chiral centres, hodgkinsine has many stereoisomers and significant research has been undertaken to elucidate the structure-activity relationships of the various isomers and synthetic derivatives structurally derived from hodgkinsine.[6][7][8]"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodgkinsine


Pericine

"Pericine is one of a number of indole alkaloids found in the tree Picralima nitida, commonly known as Akuamma. The dried seeds from this plant are used in traditional medicine throughout West Africa, particularly in Ghana as well as in the Ivory Coast and Nigeria. As with some other alkaloids from this plant such as akuammine, pericine has been shown to bind to mu opioid receptors, and has an IC50 of 0.6μmol, around 6x more potent than codeine when tested in the same assay.[1]"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericine


The legal status on all of them is unknown except for Pericine, which is LEGAL throughout the world (as far as wiki knows). Swim is especially interested in Pericine because of its legality, but also Hodgkinsine because of the fact that it also antagonizes the NMDA receptor, like Ketamine, which could make for quite the experience..

anybody know more about these indoles? Or any more that may be interesting (other than the indoles found in Kratom and Ibogaine)?

Reputation Comments on this post:

	nice find..!
	Fresh info. Thanks!
	Awesome thread mate!
	thanks for taking the time to compile such interesting info

[dasfonzier]

never heard of them. Is it possible to obtain these in the USA?

[0utrider]

ncie find! did you do any furhter research on it? there are also these salvia-related opioid receptor thingies...

[RaverHippie]

This is a great thread and would love to see if others had any experiences with the mentioned substances.