CWE FAQ
Cold Water Extraction
if one doesnt want to read all this (but he should, if he cares about his health), here is a link to the quick and easy manual: click
[top]CWE FAQ - Links, Lists & Manuals
Ok, this is supposed to be a CWE FAQ, since all the same questions come up all the time, which is not the worst, but since it's also a big health risk and it would be nice if a lot of informations could be found with a few clicks. SWIM is sorry it's not complete, SWIM wrote it all and then accidently deleted it and now he wrote it again, kinda fast. He took most information from this board, got some from personal experience and some from google/wikipedia.
This FAQ will concentrate on easy-to-do extractions, the ones that SWIY can do at home in order to minimize risks of using OTC painkillers.
After Consumption: If you feel sick, seriously sick, don't wait - call the amulance! No internet forum can help you in case of emergency!
[top]Quick-Links & Further Information
Dosage List of Opioids (starting dosage in this post in the chemicals list)
A Big CWE Thread
Extracting Caffeine from CWE/Codeine combination
How to Crush Pills (Codeine)
Codeine-Basics Thread
Savin money by potentiating the effects of opioids Careful! If taken with APAP this will also be potentiated and thus harder on the liver. See APAP Poisoning section.
Extract DXM from Syrup (In case SWIY was looking for this)
Injecting Basics, dangers of IVing pills. READ THIS before posting IV pill questions!
[top]Why & How extraction works
Extraction works because APAP, ibuprofen and aspirin are hardly soluble in water, especially when it's cold, whereas opiates are very soluble in water (this only partly applies to Ibuprofen).
Here is solubility information on, for instance, APAP. It tells us that according to the Merck Chemical Index, APAP is: "Soluble in methanol, ethanol, dimethyl-formamide, ethylene dichloride, acetone, ethyl acetate; slightly soluble in ether; very slightly soluble in cold water, considerably more soluble in hot water; insoluble in petroleum ether, pentane, benzene." Here is the information on ibuprofen. This tells us that according to the Merck Chemical Index, ibuprofen is: "Relatively insoluble in water; very soluble in alcohol, and most organic solvents."
The colder the water, the less aspirin dissolves.
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Due to the difficulty in obtaining Rx drugs containing enough codeine to be used recreationally, I have included a procedure that allows one to extract the codeine from OTC products to obtain enough of the drug to use recreationally.
This extraction can *only* be used on OTC products containing either acetaminophen or aspirin (ibuprofen is also possible to extract) in addition to the codeine. There is one exception to this rule. Products containing caffeine can be used with the knowledge that the most of the caffeine contained in the OTC product, *will* be found in the finished product. This should not matter to most people, but to those with problems in taking caffeine, *you have been warned*! (see caffeine removal section)
[I have found that it is better to use products containing asprin, as opposed to tylenol, because the filtering process goes more smoothly and, if one is not allergic to salicilates, aspirin is safer (easier on the liver, etc). Given its solubility, you will also end up with far less aspirin than acetominophen per volume of the product.]
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The idea behind the following extraction is that acetaminophen and aspirin (I'll use A/A from now on) are very _insoluble_ in cold water. Codeine phosphate (the most common salt of codeine) is very _soluble_ in water including cold water. The following table explains:
| Type | Solubility (31C water) | Solubility (21C water) |
|---|
| Aspirin | 1g / 100 ml | 1g / 300ml |
| Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) | 1g / 70 ml | 1g / 150 ml |
| Codeine | 1g / 2.3 ml | 1g / 0.7 ml |
So as you can see, both A/A aren't very soluble in 21C water, so if you cool the water to around 10C, the solubility will drop even further. That way you can dissolve 20 tablets in 50ml of hot water, cool the water down to 10C, filter the solution and end up with the same amount of codeine as the tablets contained but only a fraction of the original amount of A/A. Opiates are very soluble in water. Extraction works because the cold water dissolves opiates but not the aspirin, APAP, or ibuprofen. Also, if cold, the Aspirin etc change their status, become crystals, which stay in the filter.
It must be noted that because most of the caffeine (or other ingredients, look at your product and the list of chemicals on this site) will also be in the finished product, using large amount of tablets in the following procedure will result in large amount of caffeine/etc in the finished product. For example the use of 20 tablets with 15mg Caffeine might result in about 300mg of caffeine in the finished product (15mg/tablets * 20 tablets).
There are strong sideeffects with all of the other ingredients and one has to be aware of these.
One can use less opioids and get same effects by potentiating the effects, see the link list.
[top]Extraction Manuals:
Here are a few Manuals, some better, some faster, some more careful, some more detailed, but they all work. SWIM can just recommend if SWIY wants to be on the completly safe side and also have a "perfect" result, he should go through the whole thread, or at least a few manuals + the rest of the thread, especially the other chemicals and the dosages are important
Removing Caffeine
chlorpheniramine maleate or doxylamine succinate extraction
One should not only read the 2 "short" cwe techniques but also the detailed ones, for his healths sake & the "do's n dont's" list.
[top]Fast CWE-Technique (5 Minutes)
thanks to
MW. seems like many people have the feeling CWE takes too long or is to much work, this one is a proof of a perfectly well working method that, apart from cooling the water for 20-30 minutes (or so)
will just take about 5 minutes max. See also the picture-manual to confirm your ideas of this faq, its basically the same
One should not only read the 2 "short" cwe techniques but also the detailed ones, for his healths sake & the "do's n dont's" list.
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This is a quick and easy way to do the CWE, lots of other guides take the long way out and makes it seem a bit harder than it actually is. This is intended to be a brief explanation, will not go into very detailed chemistry etc... you can do that research on your own in this thread
SIMPLIFIED overview --
GOAL: Remove acetaminophen (APAP) or similar from pills containing opiates, like codeine (ie: tylenol 1,2,3,4)
HOW: Dissolve pills in water, strain it through a filter
1) Crush Pills into a fine powder while minimizing powder loss.
SWIM basically puts pills into a thick ziplock bag, and puts that inside another ziplock bag just for extra leakage protection. SWIM uses a sharpening stone (for knives) to crush his pills by rolling / pressing onto them. You can get creative here and do whatever you want, use a brick, use a hammer even, whatever works to crush the pills without puncturing the ziplocks.
2) Dissolve the crushed powder into warm/hot water.
Get hot water from the tap, but not too hot -- in between warm and hot is perfect. Don't use boiling water unless you want to kill it. Put it in a container or bowl with a wide surface area (cools faster) and add the powder you crushed (you can simply cut the corner of the ziplock and pipe it in... easy and no mess. Some stuff sticks to the plastic, but i think it's negligable. The amount of water here should probably be 3/4 of a cup, you can start with that and experiment... it's better to add too much water than too little or it won't filter properly later.
3) Let mixture sit until it becomes room temperature (10-20 mins)
Cooling it too quickly harms it, let it sit for a bit, doesn't have to be 100% room temp, but just let it cool awhile
4) Move the container into the freezer for 20 mins or so, till it feels cold
This is where the magic happens, you can remove the container from the freezer when you touch it and it feels cold. In between 20-30 mins should do the trick, this step is crucial. it should be COLD!
5) Filter the solution through coffee filter(s) to seperate the liquid containing the opiate (and caffeine if you're using tylenol) from the APAP
We want to filter this as quick as possible, so get three seperate cups or jars and fit them with a pre-wet coffee filter, use a rubber band if necessary to hold the filter in place and to stop it from falling into the cup.
Distribute the solution you just took from the freezer across the three cups, now you are basically filtering at 3 times the speed, one glass & one filter should also do it!
6) Result: Water-like product, bitter, drinkable? Cloudy?
When it looks like it's not dripping anymore you can squeeze the contents in the filters through a 4th coffee filter to get any remaining moisture out... don't spill any of the residue into the liquid solution though. What you are left with after filtering is marshmellow like substance but it's more dense.
At this point some people add a little water to the marshmellow residue and re-filter it, but i dont think it's necessary... it's time to consume.
7) If like water or just slighty cloudy: You now have a solution with most (if not all) of the APAP removed. It is extremely bitter so drink it with something sweet.... and i mean REALLY sweet. People pick up Kool Aid packages for this. I am going to try Purple Kool Aid + Tonic Water, it should work well. Apparently Tonic Water contains an ingredient called "Quinine" that potentiates codeine (the opioid potentiators section). Note that grapefruit juice is reported to actually slow the absorbtion and be conteractive to codeine (but it works for other opiates apparently). Also some people take 25-75mg of benadryl (diphenhydramine) as a potentiator and to reduce itchies. They also chew a couple medium strength TUMS antacid. I don't know the explaination -- do your own research.
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[top]Step-by-Step manual with pictures, take about 5 minutes
One should not only read the 2 "short" cwe techniques but also the detailed ones, for his healths sake & the "do's n dont's" list.
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this is what the product that i use for this manual looks like. its a normal painkiller/cough relief/help for everything product, in most countries OTC available (different brand/name of course). capsules are good cos they are easy to extract, if you got pills crush em up to a fine (!) powder.
as can be seen it contains pcm and kodein, and also "klorfeniramin" which is a anthihistaminikum, this should NOT (!!!!!) be in your product, in fact besides PCM (and similar) and codein (and similar) they shouldn be anything in your product if you wanna be on the safe side, klorfeniramin in low doses is not really a problem but never ever think about trying this before getting proper information (available in the board and google)
i will use the term pcm for paracetamol/aspirine/similar from now on.
ok this is what you need or should use, fine-meshed coffee-filters. if theres nothing else available use something that is really fine meshed (ie. in some middle eastern countires they dont use filters, so these people have no choice) a normal t-shirt is not enough and maybe you should filter a lil more in that case. however, in this example we use the coffee filters.
so, as i said, you put the crushed up pills/stuff inside the capsules in a normal glas and put some warm (not hot since it might destroy codein) water in it and stirr it till it all dissolves, should look somewhat like milk or like really "snowy water", depending on the amount u use. in this example we go for 30 capsules a 10mg codein & 300mg pcm, which is, in my opionion, just the perfect amount for a normal glass of water to dissolve in.
now, after u stirred it well, you can put it in the fridge (the one on the picture already has experienced one filtration, thats why it doesnt look so snowy) or freezer and let it get "cold". i mean COLD. never frozen but as cold as possible without freezing anything, its not too important though, some people even dont cool it at all, but pcm becomes "thick" at a cool temperature and goes down on the ground of the glas and is thicker and thus easy to filter.
now you get to the filtering. its recommended to wet the filter a lil before using it, be careful though, cos the filters can easyly be destroyed! if you wanna be really careful, but one or two pieces of ice in the filter, so the solution stays cooled.
nor pour the glas with the codeine/pcm in the filter, slowly (to not destroy the filter), and catch the filtered water with a clean glass. if you are lazy build something like the construction on the picture above. 
if you use a lot or pills which contain fillers, you may also do 2, 3 or more filtrations at the same time, splitting the process, which makes it faster (a little more work though, im uncertain if the result is better or worse, prolly the same)
the filter should look like this, containing the pcm/white stuff, usually more than in this picture, cuz the picture was taken from a 2nd filtration (and is not a good picture), because on the first one my filter broke (good point of me advising to be careful) 
this picture was from the first filtration of mine (for this manual, i have done it many times before and usually this doesnt happen, but as said above my filter broke so i had to repeat it), it still contains some pcm but the difference is already signifikant.
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however, in my opinion, The final-product should look something like this.
after the filtration this is what it should look like, pretty much like water, but still a little foggy, which is completly normal. depending on how much other (non-active) stuff was in the capsules/tablets (ie colorants etc), it can be more or less cloudy, capsules are prefered also because they contain less of that stuff than tablets. if you are unsure about this you might wanna repeat the filtration, but a tiny bit of "pcm-snow" on the bottom is nothing to worry about.
close to water, but still a tiny bit foggy. if it should still have a hint of white on the ground, dont worry about it, you can now, if you are really paranoid about pcm, but the glass back in the fridge, wait for it to get cold so all the rest pcm goes down on the ground and carefully drink everything expect for the last sip on the ground, which i usually dont bother to do.
so with this manual you have, by your choice, fast and not-so-fast but maybe more careful options for filtration, it depends on what you prefer, but in general it can be said that CWE is pretty safe if done "right" (filtered cold) and there is not too much to worry about especially in comparsion to non-cwe products
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A short one:
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He starts with about 80-100 ml of 35-45 degrees C wather and, 4 ml for every pill used. He crushes the pills between two tablespoons as it takes about 20 mins for them to disolve to a pouder in wather. After there are no large solids in the solution he places it in a freezer for about 20 mins, until it reaches about 4-5 degrees. He then places 3 pre-wet cofee filters in 3 respective plastic cups, pouring the solution in each of them but leaving all the decanted white stuff in the main cup for a second extraction with cold wather. He finds using 3 independent filters faster than a single one as they don't clog as much (yet there is less of a push from the wather above). He then starts filtering all the content remaining in the main glass. Filters with alot of white sludge in them are squized thoroughly in another filter as the stuff that comes out when you squiz is very cloudy. This passes thru the second filter much faster then if it where in the sludge and waste is also decreased.
Whole process takes about 1 hour, just thout I'd post it.
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[top]Detailed CWE Manual
See also other manuals if you are unsure about the process.
For beginners take a look at the one on the bottom, as it is with pictures and easy to follow. However, there's also other Manuals in this post, if you feel the need to get more information, also if your product contains other active ingredients check the chemicals list in this faq in order to find out if filtering is possible or not.
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1. METHODS OF FILTRATION
Your chosen method of filtration will greatly affect how much Paracetamol is in your end product. The best methods are below:
1.1) Lab Grade Filters
Okay, not everyone has access to these, but if you are or know somebody at school... Acquire some from there. Get somebody at school to buy them. Serious, if you need them for 'experiments', what's wrong with that?
Aside from a local school/college/university, there are plenty of companies who will sell these harmless products to individuals. Check your yellow pages.
1.2) Coffee Filters
These work almost as well as the lab grade variety, and will filter considerably faster. The only downside is accuracy. If you follow acexnx316's advice and filter numerous times (3-4 is ideal), then you should be fine. This may sound stupid, but after searching local supermarkets I can't actually find any...
2 THE TECHNICAL STUFFS
How you perform your CWE, and your level of caution and cleanliness, will also affect how 'clean' your end product is. Below are some tips on the general method and uses of equipment.
2.1) Crushing Your Pills
I know I am making this sound like rocket science - and it isn't - so for that I apologise. It's worth noting that such a piss-easy process can be turned to shit with the first sign of carelessness.
Much of SWIM's experience with Co-Codamol pills has led him to believe that this is the first part where things can start to go tits up. This is what he tells me....
Always use a pill crusher or some form of enclosed/sealed thing to crush your pills in. I know that's not strictly scientific, but what I basically mean is don't get crummy white powder all over your hands/work area. KEEP EVERYTHING CLEAN!
2.2) Dissolving Your Crushed Pills
This is where many opinions will differ. I'll just tell you how SWIM does it. Unless you're looking for the highest possible yield from your pills, just follow this:
1. CAREFULLY put your pills into chosen container.
2. Add water about 30 degrees centigrade to it. Don't use too much. Let's say about half a glass for say 10 Co-Codamols.
3. Stir until as much pill is dissolved as possible.
4. Cool your mixture to approx 4 degrees centigrade. Just make sure it's COLD.
2.3) Filtering The Shit Out Of It
Now then... sorry for the longwinded crap before I got to this. This is how SWIM does it:
1. Fold your chosen filter into the correct shape.
2. Make sure your filter fits like a glove into say, a funnel.
3. Pour your mixture in, ensuring NONE escapes the filter. Pour it all in, settled shit and all. This will take a while longer, but ensures more Codeine
4. Ignore number 3 if you get paranoid about Paracetamol content.
5. Remove filter CAREFULLY, ensuring no unfiltered content gets into Codeine water.
6. Repeat filtration, remembering to throw all 'infected' stuff away before proceeding.
Thanks to darkglobe
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[top]Anothter Detailed Manual: The Procedure
1. Obtain a quantity of tablets containing codeine, check to see if they contain anything other than codeine, caffeine, acetaminophen or aspirin. If they do, and you don't know whether or not it will be a problem, your best bet is not to use them. Measure out your desired amount of codeine (ex. 64 mg = 8 tablets * 8mg/tablet). You may want to add 2 extra tablets as it is quite likely you will lose some codeine in the procedure. As you get more experience with the procedure you will be able to get approx. 95% of the codeine extracted.
2. Measure out some nice hot water, use approx. 40ml / 20 tablets or more if needed. I would suggest you don't go over 50ml for 20 tablets. I don't know if the use of boiling water would destroy any of the codeine but your best bet is not to use it. Use hot water but not boiling. Make sure the tablets dissolve completely. Some dissolve on contact with water while others need some help dissolving by crushing them. Note : not all of the tablet will dissolve, there are water-insoluble fillers in the tablet and not all of the A/A will dissolve either(which is what we want).
[Most sources recommend that codeine not be stored at temperatures in excess of 40C (104F), so its probably better to use warm, but not hot, water. I find that it is best to crash the tablets completely in a container, and then dissolve them in a glass with water.]
3. Place the solution in a cold bath, I just use some ice cubes in a container of water. Stir the mixture occasionally until the solution drops to about 15C or lower. You won't need a thermometer to measure the temperature, just make sure it's "cold". This will take about 30 min. If you wish to speed this up, you can use less water to dissolve the tablets, and add ice chips to cool the mixture faster. Just make sure you don't add so much ice that you drastically increase the volume of the mixture.
4. Filter the solution using whatever you have. Coffee filters work well, but lab filters work the best. Just make sure you don't end up with obvious solids in the filtered solution. This will take about 1 hr. You may also want to rinse the solids left over in the filter with some ice-water to extract any remaining codeine.
[With aspirin this will take only about 20-30 minutes.]
5. Drink and enjoy! The solution will be _very_ bitter, so I mix a little Kool-aid powder into the solution. The taste isn't really bad but it's similar to sucking on a lemon.
[One gets used to the taste after a while.
]
6. Sit back and wait for the effects. Because the codeine is already in solution it only needs to be absorbed, while codeine in the tablet form must dissolve before being absorbed. Because of this, the effects will probably become noticeable within 15min.
Note : I don't suggest you evaporate the mixture unless you are willing to wait a while. The Merck index warns that codeine is sensitive to heat and light. For that reason if you wish to evaporate the mixture, do it without heat, and shield the solution from light.
[/quote]For the sake of completness
[top]Do's & Don'ts by Darkglobe
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Do's
Make sure you're METICULOUS with hygiene - many chemical processes go tits up due to carelessness (sp?)
Use a SENSIBLE amount of water:
Too little, it will taste even more unpleasant, and you may have to little water for the Codeine to properly dissolve.
Too much, and you may end up with Para/Acet dissolving (although I'm not convinced of this, it's better to be safe than writhing on the floor while your liver packs in!).
Use a suitable filter, and - whatever you use - USE IT PROPERLY! Improper filtration = To put it bluntly, imminent death, or at least imminent pain. Or probably both.
Don'ts
Okay, admittedly these are just the binary opposites of the above, but re-iteration is better than expiration!
"Guess" (don't even "guesstimate" unless you have enough CWE's udner your belt to do so) ANY quantities. I cannot stress how important a bit of caution can be for your health and wellbeing.
Get impatient. My friend was guilty of this one. He couldn't wait for the solution to cool in order for the Para/Acet to precipitate out of the solution - he ended up having his stomach pumped, and as I was there in the hospital with him, I can safely say it DIDN'T look pleasant.
Conclusion, and my 'boring' lectures again...
Be careful, be methodical, be happy, let SWIM enjoy his/her drug use as safely as possible. Hell, if the substances have risks, you don't wanna add more. And Para/Acet is not a friendly substance! (Incidentally neither is too much Ibuprofen).
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[top]The Results/Final Product
If one did everything right, it should look like this or even better. Slightly cloudy, but very similar to water. If its a lot more cloudy or one is afraid/careful, he should perform another filtration. Here somebody boiled his product down and his conclusion was that you will always have a certain amount of PCM/etc. in your Result, but usually not much, around 100-500mg, nothing to worry about. It also might be cloudy, because of the other ingredients / fillers in the used product!
One now can evaporate the water in order to get powder, f.e. for capsules, he can do this by letting it sit on a low flame (check the temperatures in the chemicals list). The powder can be scraped off the bottom of the jar with a razor blade or a knife.
[top]Pharmacology and Drug Interactions of Codeine
In order to take full advantage of codeine, it is helpful to be familiar with some relevant pharmacology:
CYP2D6
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The body converts codeine into morphine (~10%) by using the so called P450 cytochrome pathway, especially cytochrome 2d6 (cyp2d6). Unfortunately, cyp2d6 is missing in about 7% of the white population, and its manifestation is quite variable in the rest. Individuals who inherited a cyp2d6 deficiency will get many of the adverse effects associated with codeine but little euphoria. If codeine just doesn't work for you, this may be why.
Some drugs also interfere with cyp2d6. Prime among these are the SSRIs, with the exception of Zoloft (if I remember correctly). The most potent inhibitor is paroxetine (paxil), followed by fluoxetine (prozac). If you are taking an SSRI, you will probably experience a markedly decreased euphoria when using codeine. (Paxil has a half life of only 24hrs, so not taking it for a few days will do miracles; the half life of prozac is 7 days.)
Finally, codeine itself is a cyp2d6 inhibitor. This means that taking the whole dose as quickly as possible will probably give you the biggest high (ie. its a waste to redose in 30 mins).
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[top]Codeine: Effects, Usage & Dosage
one should also check the
codeine thread and
dosage thread, this is just a quick basic introduction of SWIM
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Again a good dose to start using codeine at is in the 30mg to 60mg range. At this dosage range the adverse effects tend to be minimal, and the pleasurable effects quite noticeable.
I have never noticed any euphoria below 100mg, so don't give up just because two 3s don't give you a high. However, some unfortunate individuals are allergic to codeine, and, if you have never used it before, first try a dose of around 30-60mg and see what will happen. It is dangerous to start off in the high dose range.
It is usually a good idea to take the drug on an empty stomach, and if nausea is experienced or you get hungry (not likely) you can have something to eat. On an empty stomach the effects will become noticeable within 15 min depending on the dose. With higher doses the effects can begin in as little as 7 min. The effects peak at around 1 hr with the experience nearing it's end at around the 3 - 4 hr point. Again with higher doses effects may last 4 - 6 hours.
The effects will usually begin with a slight sedation, and a feeling of warmth coming over you body. Muscular relaxation is also quite noticeable. The subjective effects are quite hard to describe beyond the word euphoria. The sedation associated with codeine is quite a lot less than that experienced with morphine or other stronger opiates. A strong feeling of contentment is usually also experienced. Most people enter a phase where you become quite content and tend to lose interest in their surroundings. A heavy feeling in the limbs also becomes quite noticeable. This will peak at 1hr with the effects slowly tapering off after 2hr.
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[top]Effects And Uses
Before doing this, one should also check the
codeine thread and
dosage thread, this is just a quick basic introduction of some thing i found on the internet..
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Codeine is mainly used as a pain reliever, but is also used for the relief of a non-productive cough, and as a anti-diarrheal agent. 120mg of codeine administered SC (subcutaneously, injected under the skin) provides pain relief equal to 10mg of morphine administered by the same route. Doses used to relieve cough or diarrhea range from 5mg to 30mg.
Codeine is absorbed quickly from the GI tract and it's first pass through the liver results in very little loss of the drug. This contrasts with morphine in which over 90% of the drug is metabolized in the first pass through the liver resulting in a considerable loss of potency when administered orally. This is why codeine is a common opiate in the relief of pain, the ease of oral administration.
Codeine can be administered by many routes, this includes, SC, IM (intramuscularly), as an enema, and orally. Note, codeine can't be administered safely by IV (intravenously) injection as it can result in pulmonary edema (fluid in lungs), facial swelling and other life threatening complications.
Codeine is converted to morphine in the brain. This of course will result in a positive result in a drug test for the opiates. It is not known whether or not the drugs heroin, morphine or codeine can be separately determined on a drug test. In other words it isn't likely that the drug tester can determine which of the three above drugs you have taken, he just knows you've taken one or more of them.
Note! Addiction to codeine can occur. Tolerance is also seen with chronic use. Although the withdrawal is minimal with codeine, it is not a fun time. Please be cautious in your use of the drug.
Some common side effects from codeine include drowsiness, light-headedness, dry mouth, urinary retention (difficulty in urination), constipation and of course, euphoria. Adverse effects can include itchiness (common), confusion, nausea and vomiting. The nausea experienced with codeine is less common and less intense than that experienced with the stronger opiates such as morphine. A tip to all those using opiates, lying down does wonders to the nausea. If you ever experience nausea on opiates it is different than the commonly experienced nausea as it is more of a light-headed nausea. Lying down will almost always relieve the nausea in a couple minutes, which after you can attempt to stand up again.
Codeine is a _excellent_ opiate to start experimenting with. Although the euphoria is not as intense as that experienced with the stronger opiates, the euphoria can still be quite intense. It also must be noted that like most other drugs, some experience is required before the full effects can be noticed and enjoyed. The best dose to start at is the 30mg - 60mg dosage. That way you won't experience many adverse effects and you can continue to take this small amount until you feel the desired effects, after that you can increase the dosage as you please. Most people settle around the 250mg mark for the best euphoria, with the least side effects. The best idea is to take in a situation where you won't become distracted. You can get yourself into a comfortable position and relax because you will become _quite_ relaxed. It may take 5 to 20 times before you can appreciate the effects. The effects are subtle like marijuana and it takes some time before you come to recognize them all.
The LD50 (lethal dose for %50) is 800mg in the average person. Death from codeine, unlike most opiates, includes restlessness, seizures and eventually death from respiratory arrest.
[Some sources indicate that the lower-end LD50 may be around 500mg, so doses above 450mg are in the red zone.]
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[top]Your Product
If one has an product containing Opioids (i.e.
Codeine) plus
PCM/Ibuprofen/Aspirin.. , (s)he should make sure to check all the ingredients. The best choice is an opioid + PCM or Aspirine, since they are the easiest to be filtered.There are colorants, which dont do harm, as well as fillers (for tablets) and other things, one should check on all. In general one should prefer capsules (since they do contain less fillers) which only contain the wanted chemicals and the filterable chemicals (see the Chemicals list),
everything else should be avoided or one should carefully consider what he is doing to his body and check the facts & informations.
Possible other Active Ingredients:
Other inactive Ingredients can be (also see the chemicals list): Colorants & fillers. If the colouring agent is water soluble then the result after filtration would be orange. And colourings to tend to be soluble in water, but it should be fine, they don't have any effects usually. (more information on this would be nice)
[top]Crushing tablets and Pills
As mentioned above one should prefer capsules, since they contain less fillers and don't have to be crushed and are easier dissolved. If one has only access to tablets and wonders how to crush them, here are some nice manual (also depending on what kind exactly of tablet one obtained), one should be careful though, as some tablet-pieces tend to "fly away" if crushed, so one has to find the best method from these:
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Swim discovered that putting pills in an envelope, folding it over, and then using a large rolling pin, he was able to crush the pills into a powder with no mess or loss.
I takes all of 30 seconds.
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SWIM places two pills in a spoon and then puts another spoon over top and applies pressure.
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SWIM likes to use her mortar and pestle.
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Swim uses a small blender these days
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SWIM tried a ball mill the other day with steel crushing media... that worked very very well.
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Swim thinks he says that they are just put into water to dissolve.. Hope that helps
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A FOAF said a coffee grinder and 6 seconds of time will sufficiently blend up to 72 tablets into a fine talc, which is easily dissolved in seconds, with a few stirs in warm water of 25c. Even icy cold water with a lot more mixing.
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that should be enough for now, there's a thread about further questions that can be found here:
How to Crush Pills (Codeine)
there is also some kind of pill/tablet grinder available, for example the big auction-website that everybody knows offers it sometimes.
[top]Chemical Properties of the Ingredients
Even if some of the Chemicals can be taken to a certain amount, one should always perform a CWE, since he doesn't know the individual Limits and other factors and should take good care of his health! The Chemicals also interact with each other, which can not always be forseen.
Dosages: The ones for the opioids are starting points for therapeutic usage. One should consider tolerance and generally
start as low as possible and work his way up. The dosages for the other ingredients are maximum one-time (!) dosages, don't take that much on a regular basis, even for a one-time dosage it might be harmful.
[top]Melting Point
The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to liquid
or the other way. Although the phrase would suggest a specific temperature and is commonly and incorrectly used as such in most textbooks and literature, most crystalline compounds actually melt over a range of a few degrees or less. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium.
Codeine:
Melting point: 154-156C
Boiling point: 250C
Soluble in: water,
Insoluble in: ?
Therapeutic dosage starts at: 0,5 - 2 mg per kg Bodyweight
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Because codeine needs to be metabolized to an active form, there is a ceiling effect around 400-450 mg per intake. This low ceiling further contributes to codeine being less addictive than the other opiates. Roughly 5-10% of codeine will be converted to morphine, with the remainder either free, conjugated to form codeine-6-glucuronide (~70%), or converted to norcodeine (~10%) and hydromorphone (~1%)
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CWE: stays in the water
Codeine monohydrate: One gram dissolves in 120 ml water, 60 ml water at 80°, 2 ml alcohol, 1.2 ml hot alcohol, 13 ml benzene, 18 ml ether, 0.5 ml chloroform; freely soluble in amyl alcohol, methanol, dilute acids. Almost insoluble in petroleum ether or in solutions of alkali hydroxides.
Codeine Hydrochloride dihydrate: One gram dissolves in 20 ml water, 1 ml boiling water, 180 ml alcohol.
Codeine Sulfate trihydrate: One gram dissolves in 30 ml water, 6.5 ml water at 80°, 1300 ml alcohol Insoluble in chloroform or ether.
codeinephosphate: One gram of it dissolves in 4 ml of water at 20°C
Codeine-Basics
Hydrocodone:
Soluble in: water, alcohol (mixed information about this was found, stating it is not soluble in water. But other's stated that CWE is possible. Not sure, information needed!)
Melting Point: 198C (388F)
Therapeutic dosage starts at: 0,1 mg per kg Bodyweight
CWE: stays in the water
Hydrocodone Bitartrate hemipentahydrate: One gram dissolves in 16 ml water, in 150 g 95% ethanol. Almost insoluble in ether, chloroform.
Hydrocodone Basics & Experiences
Oxycodone:
Therapeutic dosage starts at: 0,075 - 0,1 mg per kg Bodyweight
Soluble in: 10 g in 100 g of water
Melting Point: 270 - 272C (518 - 522F)
CWE: stays in the water
Oxycodone Hydrochloride:One gram dissolves in 10 ml water. Slightly soluble in alcohol
Oxycodone Basics & Experiences
Dextropropoxyphene:
Soluble in: water
Therapeutic dosage starts at: ? mg per kg Bodyweight
CWE: stays in the water
(Dextro-)propoxyphene Hydrochloride: Soluble in water, alcohol, chloroform, acetone. Practically insoluble in benzene, ether.
Dextropropoxyphene Basics & Experiences
Heroin / Diacetylmorphine
Diacethylmorphine BaseOne gram dissolves in 1.5 ml chloroform, 31 ml alcohol, 100 ml ether, 1700 ml water. Slightly soluble in ammonia or sodium carbonate solution, soluble in alkalies, decomposes by boiling with water.
Diacethylmorphine Hydrochloride monohydrateOne gram dissolves in 2ml water, 11 ml alcohol. Insoluble in ether.
Heroin Basics
Morphine
Morphine monohydrate:One gram dissolves in 120 ml water, 60 ml water at 80°, 2 ml alcohol, 1.2 ml hot alcohol, 13 ml benzene, 18 ml ether, 0.5 ml chloroform; freely soluble in amyl alcohol, methanol and dilute acids. Almost insoluble in petroleum ether or in solutions of alkali hydroxides.
Morphine Hydrochloride dihydrate:One gram dissolves in 20 ml water, 1 ml boiling water, 180 ml alcohol.
Morphine Sulphate trihydrate:One gram dissolves in 30 ml water, 6.5 ml water at 80°, 1300 ml alc. Insoluble in chloroform or ether.
morphine basics
[top]NSAIDS: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs & PCM
(the "other" painkillers in many OTC products)
[top]Paracetamol / Acetominaphen
Melt. point 169 °C (336 °F)
Boiling point:
Solubility in water 0.1-0.5 g/100 mL at 22 C mg/mL (20 °C)
CWE: Filtration possible by using CWE (cold water!!). Doesn't stay in the water, if done properly.Very slightly soluble in cold water, considerably more soluble in hot water . Soluble in methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide, ethylene dichloride, acetone, ethyl acetate. Slightly soluble in ether. Practically insol in petr ether, pentane, benzene.
Dosage: It seems, even though there is an individual lvl, that one can take quite a large dose once, way less if on a regular basis. It seems to be safe (meaning not necessarily irreversible harming! Its still dangerous!!!) to take up to 4000mg once, one is on the safer side if (s)he goes by
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Optimal adult dosing appears to be somewhere in the 20 to 30 mg/kg Source
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and doesnt OD on this. If taken regulary/daily, its a lot less and it should not be taken regular!
Side-effects: Because of the wide availability of paracetamol, there is a large potential for overdose and toxicity. Without timely treatment, overdose can lead to liver failure and death within days; paracetamol toxicity is, by far, the most common cause of acute liver failure in both the United States and the United Kingdom. It is sometimes used in suicide attempts by those unaware of the prolonged timecourse and high morbidity (likelihood of significant illness) associated with paracetamol-induced toxicity in survivors.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetaminophen
for more info look at the
poisoning section of this faq
Grapefruit juice and APAP. GPJ is an inhibitor of CYP3A4, which is a
minor
metabolizer of hydrocodone and a
major
metabolizer of acetaminophen. What this means is that degree to
which plasma concentrations of acetaminophen increase would be much
greater than the degree to which plasma levels of hydrocodone would
increase; thus the risk of liver toxicity is actually higher.
[top]Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)
Melting point: 138140 °C (280284 °F)
Boiling point: 140C (284F) *decomposes into swiM believes Acetic acid and Salicylic acid (the chemicals list)
Soluble in: Water 10 mg/mL
Insoluble in: ?
CWE: Filtration possible by using CWE. Doesn't stay in the water, if done properly. One gram dissolves in 300 ml water at 25°, in 100 ml water at 37°, in 5 ml alcohol, 17 ml chloroform, 10-15 ml ether. Less soluble in anhydrous ether. Decomposes by boiling water or when dissolved in solutions of alkali hydroxides and carbonates. Inorganic salts of acetylsalicylic acid are soluble in water (esp the Ca salt, q.v.), but are decomposed quickly.
Dosage: The toxic dose of aspirin is generally considered greater than 150 mg per kg of body mass. Moderate toxicity occurs at doses up to 300 mg/kg, severe toxicity occurs between 300 to 500 mg/kg, and a potentially lethal dose is greater than 500 mg/kg. This is the equivalent of many dozens of the common 325 mg tablets, depending on body weight. However children cannot tolerate as much aspirin per unit body weight as adults can.
Side-effects: Aspirin overdose has potentially serious consequences, sometimes leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with mild intoxication frequently have nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, lethargy, tinnitus, and dizziness. More significant symptoms occur in more severe poisonings and include hyperthermia, tachypnea, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, hallucinations, confusion, seizure, cerebral edema, and coma. The most common cause of death following an aspirin overdose is cardiopulmonary arrest usually due to pulmonary edema.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin
for more info look at the
poisoning section of this faq
Melt. Point: 76°C (169 °F)
Boiling Point:
CWE: Seems to be possible to filter out, but not as easy & efficient as PCM & Aspirine. Relatively insoluble in water. Readily soluble in most organic solvents.
Dosage: 1200mg of ibuprofen is the maximum standard dose for a day. In medical practice, doses of 3200mg can be used reportedly. High doses involve a whole plethora of nasty side effects ranging from gastrointestinal ulceration to diarrhea.
Side-effects: Human response in cases of overdose ranges from absence of symptoms to fatal outcome in spite of intensive care treatment. Most symptoms are an excess of the pharmacological action of ibuprofen and include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, tinnitus, and nystagmus. Rarely more severe symptoms such as gastrointestinal bleeding, seizures, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalaemia, hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, coma, hepatic dysfunction, acute renal failure, cyanosis, respiratory depression, and cardiac arrest have been reported.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibuprofen
for more info look at the
poisoning section of this faq
[top]Other ingredients with effects
If one thinks about taking the CWE product include these, he should be aware that they may alter the effects of the opioids and that an OD might be possible, including severe side-effects.
Caffeine:
Melting point: 237 °C (non-equilibrium, superheated)(Caffeine 'sublimes' meaning goes from solid to gas, no liquid phase)
Boiling point: 178C
Soluble in: Water, 22 mg·mL−1 (25 °C)
180 mg·mL−1 (80 °C)
670 mg·mL−1 (100 °C)
Insoluble in: ?
CWE: As far as SWIM knows, it is not easy nor fast to remove Caffeine from Pills. One can have a look at this for further information, but it needs some studying and should not be done by someone who has no basic chemistry skills. Either way, SWIY should be careful and take some time.
One gram dissolves in 46 ml water, 5.5 ml water at 80°, 1.5 ml boiling water, 66 ml alcohol, 22 ml alcohol at 60°, 50 ml acetone, 5.5 ml chloroform, 530 ml ether, 100 ml benzene, 22 ml boiling benzene. Freely soluble in pyrrole; in tetrahydrofuran containing about 4% water; also soluble in ethyl acetate; slightly in petr ether. Solubility in water is increased by alkali benzoates, cinnamates, citrates or salicylates.
Dosage: Though achieving lethal dose with caffeine would be exceptionally difficult with regular coffee, there have been reported deaths from overdosing on caffeine pills, with serious symptoms of overdose requiring hospitalization occurring from as little as 2 grams of caffeine. One should think about whether or not he has a tolerance to caffeine, in theory everything above 300mg is an OD, but can be higher in reality, one should not go a lot further! To check if he has tolerance, SWIY can look up Caffein-contents in a database
http://www.energyfiend.com/the-caffeine-database/.
Side effects: altered effects of other Drugs (i.e. opioids), nervousness, irritability, anxiety, tremulousness, muscle twitching (hyperreflexia), insomnia, headaches, respiratory alkalosis and heart palpitations.
An acute overdose of caffeine, usually in excess of 250 milligrams, can result in a state of central nervous system over-stimulation called caffeine intoxication. It may include restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia,flushing of the face, increased urination, gastrointestinal disturbance, muscle twitching, a rambling flow of thought and speech, irritability, irregular or rapid heart beat, and psychomotor agitation. In cases of much larger overdoses mania, depression, lapses in judgment, disorientation, loss of social inhibition, delusions, hallucinations, psychosis, rhabdomyolysis, and death may occur. In cases of extreme overdose, death can result.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decaffeination
The Combined Snorting Caffeine Thread <- about snorting, but also includes other useful information about the effects
[top]Removing Caffeine
There seem to be several methods. SWIM has not tried these, but they seem to be working. One should still be careful though, especially if using any solvents like acetone etc. and maybe read some, here is a thread about it:
http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=44769
Some ways to possibly remove caffeine are:
Quote:
Activated Carbone method:
for all the people who isn't really you who have been on the quest to get the caffeine out of the codeine/caffeine solution after a cwe then read on. swim has stumbled upon a tried and true, easy at home method. After the cwe procedure is final simply filter the solution through some Activated Carbon (available at any local pet shop for just a few bucks) and you will have a caffeine free solution. All swim uses is one of them permanent coffee filter but any small screen strainer will work and dumped the solution through it with a small amount of the carbon in it for several minutes from cup to cup. Rinse the activated carbon first to avoid a black solution. The bonus is the carbon also filters out any remaining acetaminophen that might have remained after cold water extraction. happy extracting. In SWIM's opinion the CWE is not even necessary and not advised, since more codeine will be lost by AC-filtering alone, which also filters APAP/PCM etc, thus is only preferred if caffeine is present. if not CWE is the method of choice.
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Filtering by solvents:
Each AC&C used in this extraction contained:your product might have different amounts of substances, but it doesnt really matter, just calculate it up or follow the manual- 8mg codeine phosphate (1.6g codeine phosphate / 200ct)
- 15mg caffeine (3g caffeine / 200ct)
- 325mg aspirin (75g aspirin / 200ct)
- 127mg junk (25.4g / 200ct)
200ct uncrushed AC&C added to 600ml beaker (net 95g). Hot water was added to 550ml mark. Stirred 0.5h w/mag stirring (3). Cooled in fridge for 4h. 360ml decanted to 2nd beaker. 190ml left in sludge layer. (65% of 1.6g codeine extracted)
200ml hot water added to 600ml beaker. Stirred 5min. Cooled in fridge for 4h. Decanted 200ml to 2nd beaker. (18% of 1.6g codeine extracted)
190ml hot water added to 600ml beaker. Stirred 5min. Cooled in fridge for 4h. Decanted 190ml to 2nd beaker. (9% of 1.6g codeine extracted)
This means that 92% of the total codeine/caffeine was extracted into a net volume of 750ml. (1.47g codeine, 2.74g caffeine) What remains in the beaker is mostly junk & aspirin. Reduced volume in 2nd beaker to 150mL by boiling. The room fills with the mild smell of vinegar as some of the aspirin decomposes. The solution is cooled in the fridge and then filtered (1). Then the volume is again reduced to 50mL. The solution is cooled in the fridge and then filtered (2). After this treatment, less than 15% of the original amount of caffeine will remain in the solution.
What remains is a solution of codeine without a discernable amount of caffeine that leaves a truly euphoric stoning codeine buzz. The solution can be boiled down to a powder that looks something like brown sugar and is intensely bitter (unlike caffeine, that is only mildly bitter). This is a relatively concentrated form of codeine phosphate that you're after. Rejoice! Responsably enjoy the fruits of opiate gods.- Some amount of caffeine is filtered off at this step. Remember to wash your filter paper with a bit of ice-cold water to reduce the losses. What you're doing is actually recrystallizing the caffeine, and for people who haven't seen it before, it almost looks like cotton candy.
- More caffeine is filtered off at this step.
- If you don't have automated stirring, just stir occassionally over a half-hour period of time.
Note how this technique also does not use any acids, bases or organic solvents to accomplish the removal of caffeine from the caffeine/codeine, and thus I feel is a significant breakthrough.
Chromic would like to congratulate a name-withheld codeine fanatatic who he worked alongside with (well, via private messages) to work out this technique.
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Chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine, an antihistamine, relieves red, itchy, watery eyes; sneezing; and runny nose caused by allergies, hay fever, and the common cold. It may also relieve the itching of insect bites, bee stings, poison ivy, and poison oak.
Water soluble: yes, 0.55 g/100 mL, liquid mg/mL (20 °C)
CWE: Afaik it is not possible to easily extract it out of a CWE, not fast & easy. See
extraction for a working, non CWE, method for filtering. Solubility in mg/ml at 25°: ethanol 330 mg, chloroform 240mg, water 160 mg, methanol 130 mg. Slightly soluble in benzene, ether.
Side-Effects: Symptoms of a chlorpheniramine overdose include extreme sleepiness, confusion, weakness, ringing in the ears, blurred vision, large pupils, dry mouth, flushing, fever, shaking, insomnia, hallucinations, and possibly raising the probability of getting seizures.
Effects: It has analgesic-sparing (potentiating) effects on opioid analgesics, commonly reducing codeine, dihydrocodeine, and hydrocodone requirements by 10 to 35 per cent.
Dosage: Max 24-30 mg/day.
chlorpheniramine maleate thread
Doxylamine Doxylamine is an anti-histamine in the same class as chlorpheniramine and diphenhydramine. Large quantities could prove fatal. Smaller ones would lead to an awful experience.
Water soluble: yes
CWE: Afaik it is not possible to easily extract it out of a CWE, not fast & easy, since soluble in water. See
extraction for a working, non CWE, method for filtering
One gram dissolves in 1 ml water, 2 ml alcohol, 2 ml chloroform. Slightly soluble in benzene and ether.
Side-Effects: may include dysphoria, vision problems, difficulty urinating, muscle weakness, excitement, and the belief that one's room is turning into a spider's nest. And given the danger of antihistamines, these sound like some of the more benign side effects (also look at sideffects of chlorpheniramine, they also apply mostly to this one)! SWIM doesn't think that any opioid high would be worth these pitfalls.
Effects: It has analgesic-sparing (potentiating) effects on opioid analgesics, commonly reducing codeine, dihydrocodeine, and hydrocodone requirements by 10 to 35 per cent.
Dosage: Max mg/day ?
Questions about Doxylamine Succinate.
[top]Chlorpheniramine Maleat or Doxylamine Succinate Filtration
To answer the question how to clean up pills which contain chlorpheniramine maleate or doxylamine succinate, crush up the pills containing it as fine as possible and wash them several times with anhydrous ethanol, dried with calcium oxide. 2 washes of 10 ml dried ethanol is enough for several boxes of codeine with chlorpheniramine maleate/doxylamine succinate, and it barely dissolves any codeine at all.
Promethazine Hydrochloride
CWE: afaik not possible to filter with cwe.Freely soluble in water. Soluble in alcohol, chloroform. Practically insoluble in acetone, ether, ethyl acetate.
Promethazine Recreational Potential?
GLUTHETHIMIDE A combination of codeine and gluthethimide (a sleeping agent) has been used in some places as a heroin substitute. Gluthethimide is an enzyme-inducer, and it allows the body to convert more than 10% of codeine into morphine. Note that this combination increases the addiction potential of codeine.] further information needed!!! dont try without getting more information!!
Sodium Bicarbonate: aka Salt <---- THIS SHOULD BE AKA BAKING SODA, SALT IS SODIUM CHLORIDE or NaCl.
Generally not dangerous, high doses should be avoided due to risk of harming organes. Drinking lots of fluids is advised.
Dosage: The maximum daily dosage of sodium is 200 mEq (l6.6 grams of sodium bicarbonate) in patients younger than 60 years of age and 100 mEq (8.3 grams of sodium bicarbonate) in patients 60 years of age or older.
Effects: Alkalizer, systemicIncreases the plasma bicarbonate, buffers excess hydrogen ion concentration, and raises blood pH, thereby reversing the clinical manifestations of acidosis. Alkalizer, urinaryIncreases the excretion of free bicarbonate ions in the urine, thus effectively raising the urinary pH. By maintaining an alkaline urine, the actual dissolution of uric acid stones may be accomplished. AntacidReacts chemically to neutralize or buffer existing quantities of stomach acid but has no direct effect on its output. This action results in increased pH value of stomach contents, thus providing relief of hyperacidity symptoms.
http://www.drugs.com/mmx/sodium-bicarbonate.html
CWE: not possible to be filtered out by CWE
Pseudoephedrine:
Is water soluble, can not easily be filtered. Alters effects of opioids and has unwanted and, if OD'd, serious side-effects, similar to Caffeine but stronger.
CWE: not possible to be filtered out by CWE. Pseudoephedrine Base: Sparingly solble in water. Freely soluble in alcohol or ether. Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride: Solubility at 25° (g/ml): water 2.0 gr, chloroform 0.011 gr, ethanol 0.278 gr.
Dosage: ? information needed.
Wikipedia
http://www.drugs.com/pseudoephedrine.html
Pseudoephedrine filtration with Active Carbone?
Salicylic acid:
Melting point: 159C
Boiling point: 211C
Soluble in: ?
Insoluble in: ?
Dosage: ?
CWE: ?
Safety: Salicylic acid has an ototoxic effect, and can induce transient hearing loss in zinc-deficient individuals.
This finding is based on clinical studies with rats. An injection of salicylic acid induced hearing loss in zinc-deficient rats, while a simultaneous injection of zinc reversed the hearing loss. An injection of magnesium in the zinc-deficient rats did not reverse the salicylic acid-induced hearing loss. Salicylic acid is toxic in large amounts.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicylic_acid
Acetic acid aka Vinegar.
Melting point: 16.5C
Boiling point: 118.1C
Solubility: Miscible with water, ?
Insolubility: ?
CWE: ?
Safety: Concentrated acetic acid is corrosive and must therefore be handled with appropriate care, since it can cause skin burns, permanent eye damage, and irritation to the mucous membranes. These burns or blisters may not appear until hours after exposure. Latex gloves offer no protection, so specially resistant gloves, such as those made of nitrile rubber, should be worn when handling the compound. Concentrated acetic acid can be ignited with difficulty in the laboratory. It becomes a flammable risk if the ambient temperature exceeds 39 °C (102 °F), and can form explosive mixtures with air above this temperature (explosive limits: 5.4%16%).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_acid
[top]How to help your liver / minimize side-effects of Ingredients & Poisoning
I can, again, just stress the need to go to the hospital, if one feels sick! Don't play with your help, these steps here described are rather used for prevention than treatment.
I guess its always a good decision to have a healthy nutrition and take longer breaks between usage. Also drinking water is always adviced. Further information needed.
[top]PCM Poisoning: Acetylcysteine
PCM Poisoning Experiences, Infos & Discussion Thread
Acetylcysteine as antidote: overdosed toxic itself, drinking lots of water always recommended due to possible harm to kidneys)
"Administration of activated charcoal should be considered if paracetamol in excess of 150 mg/kg or 12 g whichever is the smaller, is thought to have been ingested within the previous hour.
Acetylcysteine protects the liver if infused within 24 hours of ingesting paracetamol. It is most effective if given within 8 hours of ingestion after which effectiveness declines sharply; if more than 24 hours have elapsed advice should be sought from a poisons information centre or from a liver unit on the management of serious liver damage. In remote areas methionine (2.5 g) by mouth is an alternative if acetylcysteine cannot be given promptly. Once the patient reaches hospital the need to continue treatment with the antidote will be assessed from the plasma-paracetamol concentration (related to the time from ingestion).
Patients at risk of liver damage and therefore requiring treatment can be identified from a single measurement of the plasma-paracetamol concentration, related to the time from ingestion, provided this time interval is not less than 4 hours; earlier samples may be misleading. The concentration is plotted on a paracetamol treatment graph of a reference line (normal treatment line') joining plots of 200 mg/litre (1.32 mmol/litre) at 4 hours and 6.25 mg/litre (0.04 mmol/litre) at 24 hours. Those whose plasma-paracetamol concentration is above the normal treatment line are treated with acetylcysteine by intravenous infusion (or, if acetylcysteine is not available, with methionine by mouth, provided the overdose has been taken within 1012 hours and the patient is not vomiting).
Patients on enzyme-inducing drugs (e.g. carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, rifampicin, alcohol, and St Johns wort) or who are malnourished (e.g. in anorexia, in alcoholism, or those who are HIV-positive) may develop toxicity at lower plasma-paracetamol concentration and should be treated if the concentration is above the high-risk treatment line (which joins plots that are at 50% of the plasma-paracetamol concentrations of the normal treatment line).
The prognostic accuracy of plasma-paracetamol concentration taken after 15 hours is uncertain but a concentration above the relevant treatment line should be regarded as carrying a serious risk of liver damage.
Plasma-paracetamol concentration may be difficult to interpret when paracetamol has been ingested over several hours. If there is doubt about timing or the need for treatment then the patient should be treated with an antidote." thanks to Jatelka.
[top]Aspirine Poisoning
Grapefruit juice and APAP. GPJ is an inhibitor of CYP3A4, which is a
minor
metabolizer of hydrocodone and a
major
metabolizer of acetaminophen. What this means is that degree to
which plasma concentrations of acetaminophen increase would be much
greater than the degree to which plasma levels of hydrocodone would
increase; thus the risk of liver toxicity is actually higher.
Aspirine Poisoning: Infos, Basics & Discussion Thread
There is no antidote to salicylate poisoning. Frequent blood work is performed to check metabolic, salicylate, and blood sugar levels; arterial blood gas assessments are performed to test for respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis. Patients are monitored and often treated according to their individual symptoms, patients may be given intravenous potassium chloride to counteract hypokalemia, glucose to restore blood sugar levels, benzodiazepines for any seizure activity, fluids for dehydration, and importantly sodium bicarbonate to restore the blood's sensitive pH balance. Sodium bicarbonate also has the effect of increasing the pH of urine, which in turn increases the elimination of salicylate. Additionally, hemodialysis can be implemented to enhance the removal of salicylate from the blood. Hemodialysis is usually used in severely poisoned patients; for example, patients with significantly high salicylate blood levels, significant neurotoxicity (agitation, coma, convulsions), renal failure, pulmonary edema, or cardiovascular instability are hemodialyzed. Hemodialysis also has the advantage of restoring electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities; hemodialysis is often life-saving in severely ill patients.
All overdose patients should be conveyed to hospital for assessment immediately. Initial treatment of an acute overdose includes gastric decontamination. This is achieved by administering activated charcoal which adsorbs the aspirin in the gastrointestinal tract. Stomach pumps are no longer routinely used in the treatment of poisonings but are sometimes considered if the patient has ingested a potentially lethal amount less than 1 hour previously. Repeated doses of charcoal have been proposed to be beneficial in aspirin overdose. A study performed found that repeat dose charcoal might not be of significant value. However, most toxicologists will administer additional charcoal if serum salicylate levels are increasing.
Edit: apparently
Capsaicin (in chili plants) is supposed to be a mild antibiotic but also having properties of lowerin side-effekts of asprine.. Thats what SWIM heard, no source about that, further info would be nice.
[top]Ibuprofen Poisoning
Basics, Infos & Experiences on Ibuprofen Poisoning Thread
Therapy is largely symptomatic. In cases presenting early, gastric decontamination is recommended. This is achieved using activated charcoal; charcoal absorbs the drug before it can enter the systemic circulation. Gastric lavage is now rarely used, but can be considered if the amount ingested is potentially life threatening and it can be performed within 60 minutes of ingestion. Emesis is not recommended. The majority of ibuprofen ingestions produce only mild effects and the management of overdose is straightforward. Standard measures to maintain normal urine output should be instituted and renal function monitored. Since ibuprofen has acidic properties and is also excreted in the urine, forced alkaline diuresis is theoretically beneficial. However, due to the fact ibuprofen is highly protein bound in the blood, there is minimal renal excretion of unchanged drug. Forced alkaline diuresis is therefore of limited benefit. Symptomatic therapy for hypotension, GI bleeding, acidosis, and renal toxicity may be indicated. Occasionally, close monitoring in an intensive care unit for several days is necessary. If a patient survives the acute intoxication, he/she will usually experience no late sequelae.
If you have other Extraction Manuals and/or Informations/critizism/changes/links/manuals etc, would be nice if you could post them here, i then will keep the list updated. Hope this is the appropriate forum, since it doesn not only apply to codeine.
Cold Water Extraction of Opioids
Linear Mode
