methylamphetamine or
desoxyephedrine), popularly shortened to
meth and also nicknamed "
ice", is a
psychostimulant and
sympathomimetic drug. The
dextrorotatory isomer dextromethamphetamine can be prescribed to treat
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, though unmethylated amphetamine is more commonly prescribed. Also,
narcolepsy, and obesity can be treated by the aforementioned isomer under the brand name
Desoxyn. It is considered a second line of treatment, used when
amphetamine and
methylphenidate cause the patient too many side effects. It is only recommended for short term use (~6 weeks) in obesity patients because it is thought that the anoretic effects of the drug are short lived and produce tolerance quickly, whereas the effects on CNS stimulation are much less susceptable to tolerance. It is also used illegally for weight loss and to maintain alertness, focus, motivation, and mental clarity for extended periods of time, and for
recreational purposes. Methamphetamine enters the
brain and triggers a
cascading release of
norepinephrine,
dopamine and
serotonin. To a lesser extent Methamphetamine acts as a
dopaminergic and
adrenergic reuptake inhibitor and in high concentrations as a monamine oxidase inhibitor (
MAOI). Since it stimulates the
mesolimbic reward pathway, causing euphoria and excitement, it is prone to
abuse and addiction. Users may become obsessed or perform repetitive tasks such as cleaning, hand-washing, or
assembling and disassembling objects. Withdrawal is characterized by excessive sleeping, eating and
depression-like symptoms, often accompanied by anxiety and drug-craving.
[2] Users of methamphetamine often take one or more
benzodiazepines as a means of "coming down".