How to write an article

 

• 1General information
• 2APA criteria for references
  • 2.1Authors
  • 2.2Journals
  • 2.3Books
  • 2.4Newspaper articles
  • 2.5Reprints
  • 2.6Internet sources
  • 2.7More on in-text citations
  • 2.8More on bibliography

[top]General information

Click here to start a new article
Fill in the title.

Please use a title of the common/most used name. Mind that the title you chose has a far reaching effect. If a member writes the same word/phrase somewhere in the forum, then it will be turned into a link to your wiki article. Which means that it is important to use a correct term.

To help you with the basics of how to write an article, you here have an out of the box lay out for an article about drugs. Simply copy the code below and paste it into the article edit box.

[h2]Introduction to <insert drug name> [/h2]
Describe what the drug is.
Briefly describe the general effect.
Describe who use it, what for, where?
Describe what active substances are in it (in case of a plant)
Describe since when it has been used.

[h2]Using <insert drug name> [/h2]
[h3]Ways of administration:[/h3]
Describe ways of use, recepies & dosage.

[h3]Effects of <insert drug name>[/h3]
Describe the effects, side effect, after effects.

[h3]Combinations with <insert drug name>[/h3]
Describe which combinations are possible or known.
Describe the effects, side effect, after effects.

Please find threads on combinations between the drug the article is about and other drugs and link to them from this section of the article. If there are topics about certain combinations missing in the forum, then please start these threads. If you find that there are sevaral threads on the same topic, then please request a merge, by clicking on the report button of any post in the thread and fill in that you suggest the thread be merged with one or more others. Please add the url to the report. Combinations threads belong in the combinations forum. If you find any thread in another forum, then please request a move, by clicking the report button.

[h3]Different Uses for <insert drug name>[/h3]
i.e. medical, recreative, erotic, etc.

[h2]The dangers of <insert drug name> [/h2]
Describe the addiction potential, toxicity and other risks.
Describe problems and risks that arise with Overdose, side-effects, long term effects.
Describe problems with combining the drug.

Please check relating studies for information. Reviewing the available studies on the topic is essential. Please see medline & the file archive. If you do not have access to medline, please request the articles you need, from a member who does have access. See the file request thread here:
[url]http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=10329[/url]

[h2]Producing/Growing <insert drug name> [/h2]
Select either producing or growing.

Can include synthesis or growing, depending on which drug is described. Should include general text on making … and one or more how to grow … or how to synth … TEK’s. Difficulties(diseases, molds, infection, etc with growing) If this goes beyond your knowledge, contact me about it. If many TEK's exist, it is possible to link to several documents, pdf's, pages or threads.

[h2]Forms of <insert drug name> [/h2]
Describe different species / forms of the drug and their qualities. For example: different species of shrooms, different forms cocaine (crack) or different forms of kratom (leaf, extracts, etc)
Alkaloids and their effects.
Describe optimal storage.
Photo's of the drug in it's various forms are welcome. Please upload them to the suited section of the image gallery and then place a link in the article. Then the photo will be displayed

[h2] Legal status of <insert drug name> [/h2]
[h3]United Nations[/h3]
Describe the legal situation according to the UN treaties. See: [url]http://www.unodc.org/enl[/url]

[h3]USA[/h3]
Describe the legal situation in the USA.

[h3]EU[/h3]
Describe the legal situation in the EU. See: [url]http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33215.htm[/url]
[url]http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l14003a.htm[/url]

Describe the legal situation in other countries. See: [url]http://www.unodc.org/enl/browse_countries.jsp[/url]

[h2]History of <insert drug name> [/h2]
Describe the history of the drug from an international perspective. NOT from a USA perspective.

[h2]More <insert drug name> Sections [/h2]
[url=<insert link to experience thread>]<insert drug name here> Experiences[/url] Post & read experiences with <insert drug name>.
If there is no such thread yet, then please start it.

[url=<insert link to file archive section on the drug>]<insert drug name here> File Archive[/url] Upload and read research & articles on <insert drug name>.
If no such section exists yet, please request this. Please upload files to this section.

[url=<insert link to forum about the drug>] <insert drug name here> Forum[/url] Post and read about <insert drug name>.

[url=<insert link to image gallery section for the drug>]<insert drug name here> Image Gallery[/url]Post and view pictures of <insert drug name>.
If no such section exists yet, please request this. Please upload files to this section.

Add the following sentence if the drug is addictive. Otherwise delete this:
[url=http://www.drugs-forum.com/addiction-calculator.htm]Addiction Calculator[/url] Do this small test to calculate your dependency.

[h2]The latest <insert drug name> threads[/h2]
[[showthreads=10]<insert forumid of the drugs forum>[/showthreads]
The forumid is the number the forum has on the end of the url. For example: the LSD forum has forumid 25.
[url]http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/forumdisplay.php?f=25[/url]

So this becomes [[showthreads=10]25[/showthreads]

Category: [wiki]<insert appropriate category for drug>[/wiki]
Repeat this if the drug falls in multiple categories. For example: Psychoactive plants & psychedelic

[h2]References[/h2]
1. reference a
2. reference b
3. reference c
etc.

Then click 'preview article'. This will give you a first look at the article structure.

Now edit it to fit the topic you are writing about. Each chapter has questions, that need to be answered before they can be removed. Many link examples will need you to find the correct url or forumid. If something is between these bastards < > then remove those as well, when you replace it for text.

If you do only write certain chapters/paragraphs, but leave other paragraphs untouched, then please put the instructions for those paragraphs in quotes. This makes it easier for others to spot what has to be done and what part of the text is article.

Some articles may not necessarily follow this format. In that case, use the headlines to organize the article. For example, use [h2] and [/h2] around text for a paragraph, and [h3] and [/h3] for subparagraphs, etc.



Some info on the content:

Some resources:

google.COM

Medline is a great resource for research on drugs: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
For Ethnobotanicals, please see Christian Rätsch his book: Encyclopedia of Psychoactive plants.

These pages should cover all relevant essential information on erowid.org, wikipedia.org, nida.nih.gov, pfaf.org and other main information sources on the topic. If you can find the main books on the topic.
Please try to write pages of 500 - 1000 words per chapter. I know that this is not possible for every page. Please write timeless and impersonal. For search engine optimalisation, please repeat the name of the drug as often as possible. Do not use words like 'it', 'this', 'the drug', 'the plant' etc.

On a legal note:

Please avoid persuading the reader to use or manufacture. Write how the drug is used, not how anyone should use it. Write how the drug is manufactured or grown, not how the reader should manufactured or grow the drug.

When using uncommon words, please explain them, so the article is easier to read. Remember as this text being on an open internet page, it will be read by people considering to try the drug, governments, concerned mothers, etc. Please use a spell checker!! Preferably set on "Great Britain English"
Please make sure not to copy text from other websites, due to copyright. If a certain text is necessary for the completeness of the information, please rewrite it in your own words.

References:
Backup your claims as much as possible and add references as proof where possible. Please upload reference files to the file archive and pictures to the image gallery.

Try to be as objective and careful as possible. Be VERY clear on dangers & health risks.

If there is any part of the text that you get stuck on, please post this question in the forum and alert me. I'll get that question some extra attention. If anything is unclear, please let me know.

Redirects:
When ready, please consider if redirects are needed. These are achieved with the command:

#REDIRECT [wiki](name of wiki entry)[/wiki]

The title of your wiki article will be hot linked throughout the sites. i.e. if someone types DXM somewhere, it will automatically turn into a link to the Dextromethorphan - DXM wiki article. Since Dextromethorphan and DXM mean the same, both the Dextromethorphan and the DXM article link to the Dextromethorphan - DXM article. This does not only create exposure to your article and is handy reference for those reading about the topic on the forum or other sites, it also blocks others from accidentally creating a separate article on the same topic. Only add redirects for words with the exact same meaning. Do not add redirects for common words or abbreviations. Redirects should be placed in the redirects section here, under Drugs-Wiki.

More information on drugs-wiki formatting.

Two very useful links for general information on formatting and a list of the BBCodes (the formatting and structuring commands usable in drugs-wiki) can be found here here:

Drugs-Wiki FAQ
BB Code List

If you have any questions about this, please post them here: http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=21475

[top]APA criteria for references

[top]Authors

Single author

Gillman, P. K. (2005). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, opioid analgesics and serotonin toxicity. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 95, 434-441.

Parenthetical: (Gillman, 2005)
In text: Gillman (2005) found that ...

Two authors

Rosen, I. M., & Maurer, D. M. (2008). Reducing tobacco use in adolescents. American Family Physician, 77, 483-90.

Parenthetical: (Rosen & Maurer, 2008)
In text: Rosen and Maurer (2008) found that ...

Three to six authors

Barbanoj, M. J., Riba, J., Clos, S., Gimenez, S., Grasa, E., & Romero, S. (2008). Daytime ayahuasca administration modulates REM and slow-wave sleep in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology, 196, 315-326.

Three to five authors, first citation: (Barbanoj, Riba, Clos, & Gimenez, 2008)
Three to five authors, subsequent citations: (Barbanoj et al., 2008)
Six authors: (Barbanoj et al., 2008)

More than six authors

Doering-Silveira, E., Grob, C. S., de Rios, M. D., Lopez, E., Alonso, L. K., Tacla, C., et al. (2005).Report on psychoactive drug use among adolescents using ayahuasca within a religious context. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 37, 141-144.

Parenthetical: (Doering-Silveira et al., 2005)
In text: Doering-Silveria et al. (2005) found that ...

Author with Jr. in name

Spurlock, D., Jr. (2008). Is the HESI exit examination useful in service settings? Journal of Nursing Administration, 38(3), 116.

Corporate author

National Drug Intelligence Center. (October 2004). Intelligence bulletin: DXM (dextromethorphan). Retrieved March 12, 2008, from http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs11/11563/11563p.pdf

If easy to abbreviate and cited more than once, use following format for in-text citations:

First citation: (National Drug Intelligence Center [NDIC], 2004)
Subsequent citations: (NDIC, 2004)

Edited collections

Mathre, M. L. (Ed.). (1997). Cannabis in medical practice: a legal, historical, and pharmacological overview of the therapeutic use of marijuana. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company.

Substitute (Ed.). with (Eds.). if book has more than one editor.

Translations

Freud, S. (1970). An outline of psychoanalysis (J. Strachey, Trans.). New York: Norton. (Original work published 1940)

No author identified

Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster.

Use a shortened version of the title that allows recognition of the work.

Book: (Merriam-Webster’s, 1993)
Article in journal, newspaper, or edited book: ("Pharmacology and toxicology," 1997)

If work is signed "Anonymous:" (Anonymous, 2000)

[top]Journals

Scientific journals are generally organized in volumes and issues (one volume contains several issues). Most journals are paginated by volume, which means that if an issue ends at page x, the next issue starts at page x+1. In journals paginated by issue, each issue starts at page 1.

The reference to an article in a journal paginated by issue requires inclusion of the issue number, whereas in the case of journals paginated by volume, only the volume number is required. If unsure about how a particular journal is paginated, include the issue number.

Article in journal paginated by volume

Lockwood, A. J., & Yang, Y. F. Nitrous oxide inhalation anaesthesia in the presence of intraocular gas can cause irreversible blindness. British Dental Journal, 208, 247-248.

Article in journal paginated by issue

Lockwood, A. J., & Yang, Y. F. Nitrous oxide inhalation anaesthesia in the presence of intraocular gas can cause irreversible blindness. British Dental Journal,208(5),247-248.

Journal article in electronic format

Riba, J., Valle, M., Urbano, G., Yritia, M., Morte, A., Barbanoj, M. J. (2003). Human pharmacology of ayahuasca: subjective and cardiovascular effects, monoamine metabolite excretion, and pharmacokinetics [Electronic version]. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 306, 73-83.

Article in an internet-only journal

Haden, M. (2008, January 23). Controlling illegal stimulants: a regulated market model. Harm Reduction Journal, 5, Article 1. Retrieved March 14, 2008, from http://www.harmreductionjournal.com/...7-7517-5-1.pdf

Letter to the editor of a journal

Walker, J., & Yatham, L. N. (1993). Benylin (dextromethorphan) abuse and mania [Letter to the editor]. British Medical Journal, 306, 896.

[top]Books

For books, list author(s) or editor(s), publication year in parentheses, italicized title, location and name of publisher:

Strassman, R. J. (2001). DMT: the spirit molecule: a doctor's revolutionary research into the biology of near-death and mystical experiences. Rochester, Vermont: Park Street Press.

Specific editions

Cooper, J. R., Bloom, F. E., & Roth, R. H. (1996). The biochemical basis of neuropharmacology (7th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

For “revised edition," use (rev. ed.).

Article or chapter in edited book

Petro, D. J. (1997). Pharmacology and toxicology of cannabis. In Mathre, M. L. (Ed.) Cannabis in medical practice: a legal, historical, and pharmacological overview of the therapeutic use of marijuana (pp. 56-66), Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company.

Multivolume book

If the different volumes were published in different years, the citation has to cover the time frame from the first to the last volume.

Wilson, J. G., & Fraser, F. C. (Eds.). (1977-1978). Handbook of teratology (Vols. 1-4). New York: Plenum Press.

Parenthetical: (Wilson & Fraser, 1977-1978)
In text: Wilson and Fraser (1977-1978) found that ...

Book in a series

The book's title is italicized, title of series is not:

Cousins, M. (1984). Michael Foucault. Theoretical traditions in the social sciences. New York: St. Martin's Press.

[top]Newspaper articles

Print version

Shipley, A. (2006, May 8). Chemist's new product contains hidden substance. Washington Post, pp. E01.

Electronic version

Shipley, A. (2006, May 8). Chemist's new product contains hidden substance. Washington Post. Retrieved March 14, 2008, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn...700913_pf.html

[top]Reprints

Reprinted/republished book

Freud, S. (1961). The ego and the id. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 19, pp. 3-66). London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1923)

Parenthetical: (Freud, 1923/1961)
In text: Freud (1923/1961) found that ...

Reprinted article/chapter

Piaget, J. (1988). Extracts from Piaget's theory (G. Gellerier & J. Langer, Trans.). In K. Richardson & S. Sheldon (Eds.), Cognitive development in adolescence: a reader (pp. 3-18) Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (Reprinted from Manual of child psychology, pp. 703-732, by P. H. Mussen, Ed., 1970, New York: Wiley)

Parenthetical: (Piaget, 1970/1988)
In text: Piaget (1970/1988) found that ...

[top]Internet sources

Journal article in electronic format See above.

Article in an internet-only journal See above.

Electronic version of newspaper article See above.

Internet document, general

James, B. (2007). Carbogen redux: contemporary exploration of a ubiquitous inhalant. Retrieved March 14, 2008, from http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/carb...article2.shtml

Internet document, no author or date

The mad man made chemical: the search for an endogenous schizotoxin. (n.d.). Retrieved March 14, 2008, from http://sulcus.berkeley.edu/mcb/165_0...ipts/_582.html

[top]More on in-text citations

Citing multiple works in one parenthesis

Use semicolons to separate sources. Arrange in alphabetical order by the author's last name.

(Gillman, 2005; Rosen & Maurer, 2008)

When citing two or more works by the same author(s) in one parenthesis, use the following format:

(Gillman, 1998, 2005)

Different authors with same last name

If two cited works from the same year were written by authors with the same last name, add initials to make it possible to differentiate between the two.

Parenthetical: (King, J. D., 1999) ... (King, A. K., 1999)
In text: J. D. King (1999) found that ... A. K. King (1999) found that ...

Multiple works by the same author(s)

These can usually be differentiated by the year of publication. If year of publication is the same for two or more sources, use the following format:

(Smith, 2003a) ... (Smith, 2003b)

For how to list works which share author(s) and year, see "more on bibliography" below.

Quotations

When a direct quote is cited, the page number has to be included in the citation.

Parenthetical: (Gillman, 2005, p. 436)
In text: Gillman (2005) states that "quote" (p. 436).

For web pages, use paragraph numbers and/or names of headings to direct the reader to the specific location:

(James, 2007, Closing thoughts, para. 2)

Personal communication

These are not included in the bibliography.

(J. A. Johnson, personal communication, March 14, 2008)

[top]More on bibliography

Multiple works by the same author(s)

List in order of year of publication:

Gillman, P. K. (2004). Comment on: serotonin syndrome due to co-administration of linezolid and venlafaxine [Letter to the editor]. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 54, 844-845.

Gillman, P. K. (2005). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, opioid analgesics and serotonin toxicity. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 95, 434-441.

If published in the same year, sources are listed alphabetically by title (excluding "A" or "The"), and lowercase letters are added right after year:

Callaway, J. C. (2005a). Fast and slow metabolizers of hoasca. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 37, 157-161.

Callaway, J. C. (2005b). Various alkaloid profiles in decoctions of Banisteriopsis caapi. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 37, 151-155.