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#1
01-02-2007, 10:03
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Laudanum recipes from a 1927 french pharmacy handbook & other trad. opiate recipes
you won't find these online, SWIM is translating them from a 1927 french pharmacy handbook called " La pharmacie pratique en clientelle" by Joseph Gastard.
This book is a pretty fascinating read, from a time when pharmacies made their own remedies because far less commercially produced drugs were available. It has outstanding recipes for making everything that might be needed, from making yogurt and lemonade to powerful strychnine, digitaline and ergot solutions, poppy straw, injectables advice on labeling, weights and conversions etc, shelf display etc... It is also has quite a few recipes and commercials for trademark medicinal wines ( coca, kola, meat, quinina, iron, tritonic etc..). Medical wines seemed to have been very big in France at the time, probably a result of the Vin Mariani boom...Radiation therapy is described as well, sketchy as hell as the consequences are clearly unknown ( a few milligrams of radiactive material wrapped in rubber and rubbed on the skin...) another bonus is that cocaine and opium preparations are listed, along with the necessary words of caution and legal concerns... anyway a great read and SWIM will probably be posting more recipes such as these in this thread. Feel free to inquire if swiyou're looking for these types of preparations or more info on preparation techniques. b ---- translation- Laudanum tinctures, using 30° alcohol with cm3 / metric weight proportions ( see added post for more detail) Sydenham Laudanum. Maceration for 10 days, followed by expression and filtering. Opium powder 100 Safran 50 Cinnamon essential oil 1 Clove essential oil 1 30° alcohol 1000 Laudanum was invented in 1660 by Thomas Sydenham, British pratician. At the time it was actually a wine, since white wine was used instead of alcohol. The opium dose was at the time 200 for 1600, safran 1 for 16, and instead of essential oils 15 grams of plants were used. Rousseau's Laudanum ( 1884 Codex) Opium 200 Honey 600 Water 3000 Alcohol 200 Yeast 40 One would put the substances in contact, and they would ferment for a month. English black drops : Opium 100 Nutmeg 25 Safran 8 Sugar 50 Acetic acid 60 Water 540 Listed opium preparations : Dose: 0.12gr to 0.20gr Opium Powder of which - 0.10gr = 0.05 of extract and 0.01gr of morphine " 0.01gr to 0.10gr Opium extract " 0.05 gr " " 0.20gr to 2gr Dower Powder " 1 gr " " 2 to 5 pills cynoglose pills " 2 pills " " 2gr to 10gr Diascordium " 8 gr " " 5 gr to 30gr Paregoric elixir " 20 gr " " 0.20gr to 2gr Laudanum " 1 gr " " 0.28gr to 2gr Opium tincture " 1 gr " " 5 gr to 50gr Opium syrup " 25 gr " " 20gr to 200gr Diacode syrup " 100 gr " " 20 to to 200gr Pectoral syrup " 100 gr " gr = gram Last edited by Benga; 21-01-2010 at 15:09. Reason: gradual writing - title edited 
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#2
01-02-2007, 10:14
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
This is an interesting recipe, and laudanum has always fascinated SWIM. Theres a wonderful sense of nostalgia about it, even classiness. SWIM is wondering about the recipe, however. Are the numbers listed simply a ratio to use, or are weights provided at all in the book? Opium powder, SWIM assumes, would just be opium latex chopped or ground finely (if possible), but if SWIY finds out more about what they mean for the volumes and weights to use, please post that because SWIM found this post very intriguing. Thanks for putting it up here!
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#3
01-02-2007, 10:36
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
Quote:
b ---ok here's some more info : Dower's powder recipe : Opium 10grams Ipeca 10 grams Dried potassium nitrate ( nitrate de potasse) 40 grams Dried Potassium Sulfate 40 grams this powder contains 10% opium. - The opium powder mentioned is just ground dry opium, it is part of the codex, and the only indication is the size of the sieve to be used for filtering. --- back to the Laudanum proportions. The figures given are actually proportions, as is the case for all the alcoholic preparations in this section of the book. Here's more detail which might be useful. the preparatios are in the section called "medication obtained through alcoholic solutions". The alcohol used is rectified ethylic alcohol, and divided into 4 categories : 1. tinctures : obtained by the action of alcohol on animal or mineral, essence, and dried vegetal substances. 2. alcoholatures : obtained by the action of alcohol on fresh plant material 3. sweet alcoholates (alcoolés) or elixirs, sugar containing preparations 4. acid alcoholates Laudanum is in the tincture section, ie alcohol on dried material. Tinctures are prepared by 1. simple solution 2. maceration 3. lixiviation the alcohol used is 95°, 90°,70°,80°,60°,30° according to the substance. In our case, laudanum, the alcohol used is 30°. The substance to alcohol ratio ranges from 1 to 5, to 1 to 10 and up to 1 to 20, depending on the the tincture. Simple tinctures are made with one substance, laudanum is a composed tincture, made up of an assembly of substances. Yet OPIUM EXTRACT TINCTURE, is a simple tincture. It is made by solution into 70° alcohol, with the following ratios : Opium extract tincture : 5 to 100, = 1% morphine Here is the ratio recipe for the PAREGORIC ELIXIR ( camphored opium tincture) Opium powder 5 benzoïc acid 5 essence of anis 5 Camphor 2 60° alcohol 985 this is four times less active than laudanum. when mixed with water it gives a milky louche, and has a special smell due to the anis / aniseed ----- looking further up in the book for more info on the weight / liquid ratios for these preparations. Ok this apparently what the ratios refer to : liquid volumes are expressed in cubic centimetres. 1000 cm3 of water = 1000 gram drops are mesured according to a standard eye-dropper, which gives at 15° temp 20 drops of distilled water per gram. the codex fixes the number of drops per gram of the main liquid preparations : here's a selection relative to those recipes : distilled water 20 drops per gram morphine solution of 1/50 20 drops per gram anis essence 42 drps per gram Sydenham's laudanum 43 drops per gram Opium tincture 56 drops per gram Paregoric elixir 53 drops per gram Concentrated camphor tincture 60 drops per gram 70° alcohol 56 drops per gram In conclusion, the recipes refer to alcoholic solutions ratios, so it seems that they refer to equivalences in weight for solids and cubic centimeters for liquids. The weight and volumes are all mesured in the metric system, as this is an official book. References are made to the old weight systems in order to help pharmacists with old recipes or old conditioning, and there are conversion tables, also given for the north american mesures and british system ( with a special mention, since french pharmacists, due to geography, would be more likely to have to figure out preparations from english patients, expressed in non metric terms). But the book itself is 100% metric. b Last edited by Benga; 01-02-2007 at 12:45.
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#4
02-02-2007, 02:58
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
here are some related recipes, found online this time, not from swim's book. They come from a 1898 north american codex, a british pharmacopea and will surely please the nostalgic laudanum / opium / poppy enthusiasts among us :
note that hidden in there is a recipe for what is currently known as poppy /pod tea... enjoy ! b ---- Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii (U. S. P.)—Tincture of Ipecac and Opium. Related entry: Ipecacuanha (U. S. P.)—Ipecac - Tinctures Other tomes Preparation.—"Tincture of deodorized opium (more), one thousand cubic centimeters. (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]; fluid extract of ipecac, one hundred cubic centimeters (100 Cc.) [3 fl, 183]; diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Evaporate the tincture of deodorized opium, in a tared capsule, on a water-bath, until it weighs eight hundred grammes (800 Gm.) [1 lb. av., 12 ozs., 96 grs.]. When it has become cold, add to it the fluid extract of ipecac, filter the mixture, and pass enough diluted alcohol through the filter to make the tincture measure one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]"—(U. S. P.). This tincture is intended to give a uniform preparation similar to the fluids known as "Liquid Dover's powder," or Tincture of Dover's powder. Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—The uses of this preparation are those of Dover's powder. Dose, 10 minims, which represent 1 grain each of opium and ipecacuanha. Pulvis Opii Compositus.—Compound Powder of Opium. Related entry: Opium (U. S. P.)—Opium Other tomes Preparation.—"Take of opium, in powder, 1 1/2 ounces (av.); black pepper, in powder, 2 ounces (av.); ginger, in powder, 5 ounces (av.); caraway fruit, in powder, 6 ounces (av.); tragacanth, in powder, 1/2 ounce. Mix them thoroughly, pass the powder through a fine sieve, and finally rub it lightly in a mortar. Keep it in a stoppered bottle"—(Br. Pharm., 1885 and 1898). This contains the dry constituents of confection of opium, 10 per cent of the latter being present. Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—Used like confection of opium. Dose, 2 to 5 grains. Pulvis Morphinae Compositus (U. S. P.)—Compound Powder of Morphine. Related entries: Opium (U. S. P.)—Opium Other tomes SYNONYMS: Tully's powder, Pulvis camphorae compositus Tully. Preparation and History.—"Morphine sulphate, one gramme (1 Gm.) [15.4 grs.]; camphor, nineteen grammes (19 Gm.) [293 grs.]; glycyrrhiza, in No. 60 powder, twenty grammes (20 Gm.) [309 grs.]; precipitated calcium carbonate, twenty grammes (20 Gm.) [309 grs.]; alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make sixty grammes (60 Gm.) [2 ozs. av., 51 grs.]. Rub the camphor with a little alcohol, and afterward with the glycyrrhiza and precipitated calcium carbonate, until a uniform powder is produced. Then rub the morphine sulphate with this powder, gradually added, until the whole is thoroughly mixed. Finally, pass the powder through a No. 40 sieve, and transfer it to well-stoppered bottles"—(U. S. P.). One grain of this powder contains 1/60 grain of sulphate of morphine and about 1/3 grain of camphor. It was introduced by Dr. William Tully, of New Haven, Conn., as a substitute for Dover's powder. The directions of the formula should be rigidly followed, as great care is necessary that the morphine salt may be uniformly distributed. It is best to prepare small amounts only, as by age the volatile camphor is likely to become dissipated, leaving the powder of uncertain strength. Keep in well-closed bottle, in a cool situation. Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—This powder is used for the same purposes as Dover's powder and morphine sulphate. The dose is from 5 to 10 grains, representing respectively 1/12 and 1/6 grain of morphine sulphate. Decoctum Papaveris.—Decoction of Poppies. Related entry: Papaveris Capsulae.—Poppy Capsules - Decoctions Other tomes Preparation.—Boil, in a closed vessel, for 10 minutes, 2 ounces (av.) of bruised poppy capsules in 1 1/2 pints (Imp.) of distilled water. Strain, and, by pouring sufficient distilled water on the contents of the strainer, bring the measure of the decoction to 1 pint (Imp.). This is official in the Br. Pharm. The seeds should not be rejected, as they add to the emolliency of the preparation. Action and Medical Uses.—This is a feebly anodyne, emollient, and mucilaginous preparation, used locally as a fomentation to inflammatory parts. Acetum Opii (U. S. P.)—Vinegar of Opium. Related entry: Opium (U. S. P.)—Opium - Vinegars Other tomes SYNONYM: Black drop. Preparation.—"Powdered opium, 100 grammes (100 Gm.) [3 oz. av., 231 grs.]; nutmeg, in No. 30 powder, 30 grammes (30 Gm) [1 oz. av., 25.5 grs.]; sugar, 200 grammes (200 Gm.) [7 ozs. av., 24 grs.]; diluted acetic acid, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 C, 391]. Macerate the opium and nutmeg in five hundred (500) cubic centimeters [16 fl, 435] of diluted acetic acid during 7 days, frequently stirring; then strain through muslin of close texture, and express the liquid. Mix the residue with two hundred (200) cubic centimeters [6 fl, 366] of diluted acetic acid to a uniform magma, and strain and express again. Mix and filter the strained liquids, dissolve the sugar in the filtrate, and pass enough diluted acetic acid through the filter to make the product measure one thousand (1000) cubic centimeters [33 fl, 391]"—U S. P.). Assay.—"To assay this preparation, transfer 100 Cc. of it to a small capsule, add 4 Gm. of precipitated calcium carbonate, or such a quantity as will be sufficient to neutralize the free acid, and then proceed further as directed under Tinctura Opii. It should yield from 1.3 to 1.5 Gm. of crystallized morphine"—(U. S. P.). Description and Dosage.—This preparation, unfortunately known as black drop, now contains 10 per cent of opium, the latter containing from 13 to 15 per cent of crystallizable morphine. It is a dark-brown-red liquid, almost free from the disagreeable taste and odor of tincture of opium and less liable to nauseate the patient. The name black drop should be discarded on account of its liability to confusion with black draught. The dose is from 5 to 10 drops. Extractum Opii (U. S. P.)—Extract of Opium. Related entry: Opium (U. S. P.)—Opium - Extracts and Fluid Extracts Other tomes Preparation.—"Powdered opium, one hundred grammes (100 Gm.) [3 ozs.av., 231 grs.]; sugar of milk, recently dried and in fine powder, water, each, a sufficient quantity. Triturate the powdered opium in a mortar thoroughly with one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391] of water, repeat the trituration occasionally, in the course of 12 hours, then filter through a rapidly acting, double filter, and wash the filter and residue with water, until the filtrate is nearly colorless. Concentrate the filtrate and washings in a tared capsule, on a water-bath, until the residue weighs about two hundred grammes (200 Gm.) [7 ozs. av., 24 grs.], and allow it to become cold. Then determine the weight exactly, transfer twelve grammes (12 Gm.) [185 grs.] of it to an Erlenmeyer flask, having a capacity of about one hundred cubic centimeters (100 Cc.) [3 fl, 183], and determine in this portion the amount of morphine by the process of assay given below, using the quantities of liquids there directed for four grammes (4 Gm.) [62 grs.] of the dry extract. In another portion of five grammes (5 Gm.) [77 grs.] determine the amount of water by drying it in a flat-bottomed capsule, at 100° C. (212° F.), until it ceases to lose weight. From the results thus obtained ascertain, by calculation, the amount of morphine and of water contained in the remainder of the extract, add to this enough well-dried sugar of milk to bring the quantity of morphine in the final dry extract to 18 per cent, then evaporate the whole to dryness, reduce it to powder, and transfer it to small, well-stoppered vials"—(U. S. P.). ASSAY (U. S. P.), Assay of Extract of Opium.—"Extract of opium, dried at 100° C. (212° F.), four grammes (4 Gm.); ammonia water, two and two-tenths cubic centimeters (2.2 Cc.); alcohol, ether, water, each, a sufficient quantity. Dissolve the extract of opium in 30 Cc. of water, filter the solution through a small filter, and wash the filter and residue with water, until all soluble matters are extracted, collecting the washings separately,. Evaporate in a tared capsule, first, the washings to a small volume, then add the first filtrate, and evaporate the whole to a weight of 10 Gm. Rotate the concentrated solution about in the capsule until the rings of extract are redissolved, pour the liquid into a tared Erlenmeyer flask having a capacity of about 100 Cc., and rinse the capsule with a few drops of water at a time, until the entire solution weighs 15 Gm. Then add 7 Gm. (or 8.5 Cc.) of alcohol, shake well, add 20 Cc. of ether, and shake again. Now add the ammonia water from a graduated pipette or burette, stopper the flask with a sound cork, shake it thoroughly during 10 minutes, and then set it aside, in a moderately cool place, for at least 6 hours, or over night. "Remove the stopper carefully, and, should any crystals adhere to it, brush them into the flask. Place in a small funnel 2 rapidly-acting filters of a diameter of 7 Cm., plainly folded, one within the other (the triple fold of the inner filter being laid against the single side of the outer filter), wet them well with ether, and decant the ethereal solution as completely as possible upon the inner filter. Add 10 Cc. of ether to the contents of the flask, rotate it, and again decant the ethereal layer upon the inner filter. Repeat this operation with another portion of 10 Cc. of ether. Then pour into the filter the liquid in the flask, in portions, in such a way as to transfer the greater portion of the crystals to the filter, and, when this has passed through, transfer the remaining crystals to the filter by washing the flask with several portions of water, using not more than about 10 Cc. in all. Allow the double filter to drain, then apply water to the crystals, drop by drop, until they are practically free from mother-water, and afterwards wash them, drop by drop, from a pipette, with alcohol previously saturated with powdered morphine. When this has passed through, displace the remaining alcohol by ether, using about 10 Cc., or more, if necessary. Allow the filter to dry in a moderately warm place at a temperature not exceeding 60° C. (140° F.), until its weight remains constant, then carefully transfer the crystals to a tared watch-glass and weigh them. The weight found, multiplied by 25, represents the amount of crystallized morphine obtained from 100 Gm. of the extract"—(U. S. P.). Description, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—(See Opium). This is essentially a purified extract, the inert matter having teen removed in its preparation. It has been found that many persons who can not take the crude drug without experiencing many unpleasant symptoms, can take the extract without its being followed by any of these symptoms. The dose is 1/4 to 1/2 grain. The extract may be combined with other extracts, and may, if desired, be dissolved in water. Extractum Opii Liquidum.—Liquid Extract of Opium. Preparation.—The British Pharmacopoeia directs the preparation of this fluid extract of opium as follows: "Take of extract of opium 1 ounce (av.), distilled water 16 fluid ounces, rectified spirit 4 fluid ounces. Macerate the extract of opium in the water for an hour, stirring frequently; then add the spirit and filter. The product should measure 1 pint (Imp). It contains 22 grains of extract of opium, nearly, in 1 fluid ounce. Sp. gr., from 0.985 to 0.995"—(Br. Ph.). In point of non-nauseating qualities this preparation is superior to other liquid preparations of opium, except the deodorized tincture of opium. This preparation contains those principles of opium soluble in water, and is preserved by the presence of the alcohol, which proportion, according to some pharmacists, should be somewhat increased to give it greater stability. Medical Uses and Dosage.—Uses, same as Opium. Dose, 10 to 30 minims. Tinctura Opii (U. S. P.)—Tincture of Opium. Related entry: Opium (U. S. P.)—Opium - Tinctures Other tomes SYNONYMS: Laudanum, Tinctura meconii, Tinctura thebaica. Preparation.—"Powdered opium, one hundred grammes (100 Gm.) [3 ozs. av., 231 grs.]; precipitated calcium phosphate, fifty grammes (50 Gm.) [1 oz. av., 334 grs.]; water, four hundred cubic centimeters (400 Cc.) [13 fl, 252]; alcohol, four hundred cubic centimeters (400 Cc.) [13 fl, 252]; diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Rub the powders, in a mortar, with the water previously heated to the temperature of 90° C. (194° F.), until a smooth mixture is made, and macerate for 12 hours; then add the alcohol, mix thoroughly, and transfer the whole to a cylindrical percolator. Return to the percolator the first portion of the percolate, until it runs through clear, and, when the liquid ceases to drop, gradually pour on diluted alcohol, continuing the percolation slowly, until one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391] of tincture are obtained"—(U. S. P.). History and Description.—This tincture is universally known in this and other English-speaking countries as laudanum. It has been known throughout Europe as Laudanum Liquidum Simplex, in contradistinction to solid opium preparations, which were also called by the name laudanum, usually with some qualifying term, as Laudanum Antihystericum, etc. Tincture of opium has a deep red-brown color, and the characteristic odor and taste of opium. Lest concentration take place, through evaporation of its alcohol, it should be kept in securely-stoppered bottles. Each fluid drachm represents 5.7 grains of dry opium, or 1 grain of opium in about 10.5 minims of the tincture. In preparing this tincture, it is essential that well-dried opium should be used, to insure a full-strength product, and it should be in a finely-powdered form. The admixture with calcium phosphate aids in its percolation, which could not otherwise be readily accomplished with diluted alcohol. The percolate passes slowly, and about 60 per cent of the opium constituents are obtained in solution by the use of the diluted alcohol. The Pharmacopoeia directs the drug to be macerated 12 hours previous to percolation. Twice that length of time, however, will better insure the complete disintegration of the opium. After completion of the percolation, water should abstract nothing from the dried residue, and only mere traces of alkaloids, or their compounds, should be abstracted by diluted acids. VALUATION.—"If 100 Cc. of tincture of opium be assayed by the process immediately following, it should yield from 1.3 to 1.5 Gm. of crystallized morphine"—(U. S. P.). ASSAY OF TINCTURE OF OPIUM.—"Tincture of opium, one hundred cubic centimeters (100 Cc.) [3 fl, 183] ammonia water, three and five-tenths cubic centimeters (3.5 Cc.) [57]; alcohol, ether, water, each, a sufficient quantity. Evaporate the tincture to about 20 Cc., add 40 Cc. of water, mix thoroughly, and set the liquid aside for an hour, occasionally stirring, and disintegrate the resinous flakes adhering to the capsule. Then filter, and wash the filter and residue with water, until all soluble matters are extracted, collecting the washings separately. Evaporate in a tared capsule, first, the washings to a small volume, then add the first filtrate, and evaporate the whole to a weight of 14 Gm. Rotate the concentrated solution about in the capsule until the rings of extract are redissolved, pour the liquid into a tared Erlenmeyer flask having a capacity of about 100 Cc., and rinse the capsule with a few drops of water at a time, until the entire solution weighs 20 Gm. Then add 10 Gm. (or 12.2 Cc.) of alcohol, shake well, add 25 Cc. of ether, and shake again. Now add the ammonia water from a graduated pipette or burette, stopper the flask with a sound cork, shake it thoroughly during 10 minutes, and then set it aside, in a moderately cool place, for at least 6 hours, or over night. Remove the stopper carefully, and, should any crystals adhere to it, brush them into the flask. Place in a small funnel 2 rapidly acting filters, of a diameter of 7 Cm., plainly folded, one within the other (the triple fold of the inner filter being laid against the single side of the outer filter), wet them well with ether, and decant the ethereal solution as completely as possible upon the inner filter. Add 10 Cc. of ether to the contents of the flask, rotate it, and again decant the ethereal layer upon the inner filter. Repeat this operation with another portion of 10 Cc. of ether. Then pour into the filter the liquid in the flask, in portions, in such a way as to transfer the greater portion of the crystals to the filter, and, when this has passed through, transfer the remaining crystals to the filter by washing the flask with several portions of water, using not more than about 10 Cc. in all. Allow the double filter to drain, then apply water to the crystals, drop by drop, until they are practically free from mother water, and afterward wash them, drop by drop from a pipette, with alcohol previously saturated with powdered morphine. When this has passed through, displace the remaining alcohol by ether, using about 10 Cc., or more, if necessary. Allow the filter to dry in a moderately warm place, at a temperature not exceeding 60° C. (140° F.), until its weight remains constant, then carefully transfer the crystals to a tared watch-glass and weigh them. The weight found represents the amount of crystallized morphine obtained from 100 Cc. of the tincture"—(U.S. P.). Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—This tincture, occasionally termed Tinctura Thebaica, possesses the medicinal virtues of opium, and may be used in all cases where the drug is indicated, in doses of from 5 to 30 drops (see Opium). Related Preparations.—TINCTURA OPII ACETATA. If diluted acetic acid be employed instead of water, it will form a much better tincture of opium, and one less liable to vary in strength (TINCTURA OPII ACETATA, or Acetated Tincture of Opium), and which may be given in the same doses as above. It is, however, seldom prescribed at the present day. The U. S. P. (1870) directed 2 troy ounces of dry-powdered opium to be macerated for 7 days in a mixture of 8 fluid ounces of alcohol and 12 fluid ounces of distilled vinegar; express and filter. Twenty fluid ounces are obtained. One grain of opium is contained in each 10 minims. TINCTURA OPII MURIATICA.—In a mixture of hydrochloric acid, 1 fluid ounce, and water, 15 fluid ounces, macerate 1 ounce of powdered opium for 14 days, and filter. Then add sufficient water to make 1 pint of tincture. No alcohol is present. This is not quite half as strong as tincture of opium. TINCTURA PAPAVERIS (N. F.), Tincture of poppy.—"Poppy capsules, freed from seeds, and in coarse powder, five hundred grammes (500 Gm.) [1 lb. av., 1 oz., 279 grs.]; glycerin, one hundred and twenty-five cubic centimeters (125 Cc.) [4 fl, 109]; alcohol, water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Digest the poppy capsules with three thousand cubic centimeters (3000 Cc.) [101 fl, 212] of boiling water during 2 hours, then express and strain. Evaporate the strained liquid to five hundred cubic centimeters (500 Cc. [16 fl, 435], mix it with two hundred and fifty cubic centimeters (250 Cc.) [8 fl, 218] of alcohol, and set the mixture aside, well covered, until it is quite cold. Then filter, add the glycerin to the filtrate, and pass enough of a mixture of two (2) volumes of water and one (1) volume of alcohol through the filter, to make the product measure one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Each fluid drachm represents 30 grains of poppy (capsule) freed from seeds"—(Nat. Form.). Tinctura Opii Deodorati (U. S. P.)—Tincture of Deodorized Opium. SYNONYM: Tinctura opii deodorata (U. S. P., 1880). Preparation.—"Powdered opium, one hundred grammes (100 Gm.) [3 ozs., av., 231 grs.]; precipitated calcium phosphate, fifty grammes (50 Gm.) [1 oz. av., 334 grs.]; ether, two hundred cubic centimeters (200 Cc.) [6 fl, 366] alcohol, two hundred cubic centimeters (200 Cc.) [6 fl, 366]; water, a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Rub the powders in a mortar with four hundred cubic centimeters (400 Cc.) [13 fl, 252] of water, previously heated to the temperature of 90° C. (194° F.), until a smooth mixture is made, and macerate for 12 hours; then pour the mixture on a filter, or transfer it to a cylindrical percolator, and gradually pour on water until the opium is practically exhausted. Reduce the percolate, by evaporation on a water-bath, to one hundred cubic centimeters (100 Cc.) [3 fl, 183], and, when it has cooled, shake it repeatedly with the ether in a bottle. When the ethereal solution has separated by standing, pour it off, and evaporate the remaining liquid until all traces of ether have disappeared. Mix the residue with five hundred cubic centimeters (500 Cc.) [16 fl, 435] of water, and filter the mixture through paper. When the liquid has ceased to pass, add enough water, through the filter, to make the filtered liquid measure eight hundred cubic centimeters (800 Cc.) [27 fl, 25]. Lastly, add the alcohol, and mix them"—(U.S. P.). Test.—"If 100 Cc. of tincture of deodorized opium be assayed by the process given under Tinctura Opii, it should yield from 1.3 to 1.5 Gm. of crystallized morphine"—(U. S. P.). Several elixirs of opium and a denarcotized tincture of opium are upon the market, which this preparation is designed to displace. Tincture of denarcotized opium contains the same amount of opium as tincture of opium, i.e., 1 grain in about every 10.5 minims. It is not so dark in color as laudanum. The drug is deprived of its narcotine and odor-giving principles by means of the ether employed. This is successfully, though somewhat difficultly, performed by following the official directions. The trouble is due to the formation of an emulsion produced by shaking together the concentrated aqueous preparation and the ether. This may be avoided, according to Prof. Maisch, if the opium be first denarcotized and deodorized, and an infusion made and evaporated to the necessary quantity, and the requisite amount of alcohol added to bring the tincture to the desired strength. Benzin has been suggested to denarcotize and deodorize this preparation, but it is not suitable, as it leaves its own disagreeable odor. Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—(See Opium.) Dose, from 10 to 20 minims. Related Preparation.—The following was offered to the profession by Eugene Dupuy, a pharmacist of New York, as a substitute for McMunn's Elixir of Opium. It is said that none of the unpleasant effects attributed to laudanum have as yet attended its administration: Take of opium, 10 drachms, make it into a thin pulp, with a sufficient quantity of water; then allow the mixture to stand in a cool place 48 hours, after which transfer it to an elongated glass funnel containing filtering paper, and add a superstratum of water equivalent to the bulk of the whole mass. When 12 ounces of liquid have filtered, add to the filtered solution alcohol (95 per cent), 4 ounces. The solution is an aqueous solution of opium, nearly free from narcotine, preserved by alcohol, and contains about two-thirds of the substance of the opium—the residue consisting chiefly of resin, narcotine, caoutchouc, ligneous matter, etc. Tinctura Opii Camphorata (U. S. P.)—Camphorated Tincture of Opium. Related entry: Compound Mixture of Bloodroot SYNONYMS: Paregoric, Elixir paregoricum, Paregoric elixir. Preparation.—"Powdered opium, four grammes (4 Gm.) [62 grs. benzoic acid, four grammes (4 Gm.) [62 grs.]; camphor (more), four grammes (4 Gm.) [62 grs.]; oil of anise, four cubic centimeters (4 Cc.) [65]; glycerin, forty cubic centimeters (40 Cc.) [1 fl, 169]; diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Add nine hundred cubic centimeters (900 Cc.) [30 fl, 208] of diluted alcohol to the other ingredients, contained in a suitable vessel, and macerate for 3 days, shaking frequently; then filter through paper, in a well-covered funnel, and pass enough diluted alcohol through the filter to make the product measure one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]"—(U. S. P.). This tincture has a brown-yellow color, a sweetish and somewhat bitter, sharply aromatic taste, and an odor resembling that of camphor and anise combined. In reaction it is acid, and, when added to water, renders the latter milky. It contains, in every 263 minims, 1 grain of opium. True benzoic acid should be preferred to that made from the urine of herbivorous animals. Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—This is a very valuable and useful opiate, which is efficient in allaying troublesome cough, nausea, whooping-cough, slight gastric and intestinal pains; to cause sleep, and palliate diarrhoea. The dose for an adult is 1 to 2 fluid drachms; for an infant, 5 to 10 or 20 drops. Related Preparations.—The liquids known by the names of Godfrey's Cordial, and Bateman's Drops, two very dangerous articles in the hands of nurses and many non-professional persons, are generally prepared as follows: GODFREY'S CORDIAL.—Dissolve carbonate of potassium, 6 drachms, in water, 6 1/2 pints; add sugar-house molasses, 4 pints, and gently heat them to form a solution, removing any scum which floats upon the surface. Remove from the fire and add laudanum, 6 fluid ounces; alcohol, 8 fluid ounces, in which has been dissolved 1 fluid drachm of oil of sassafras. A fluid drachm of this cordial is equivalent to somewhat more than 1/4 grain of opium. BATEMAN'S PECTORAL DROPS.—Take powdered opium, powdered catechu, camphor, red saunders, rasped, each, 2 drachms; oil of anise, 1/2 fluid drachm; diluted alcohol, 4 pints. Mix and macerate for 12 or 14 days. Two fluid drachms are equivalent to about 1/2 grain of opium. The following is the modified formula of the National Formulary: TINCTURA PECTORALIS (IN. F.), Pectoral tincture, Guttae pectorales, Pectoral drops, Bateman's pectoral drops.—"Tincture of opium (U.S. P.), forty-two cubic centimeters (42 Cc.) [1 fl, 202]; compound tincture of catechu (U.S. P.), thirty cubic centimeters (30 Cc.) [1 fl, 7]; spirit of camphor (U. S. P.), forty cubic centimeters (40 Cc.) [1 fl, 169]; oil of anise, one cubic centimeter (1 Cc.) [16]; caramel, sixteen cubic centimeters (16 Cc.) [260]; diluted alcohol (U. S. P.), a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Mix the first 5 ingredients with enough diluted alcohol to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391], and filter. Each fluid drachm contains 2 1/2 minims of tincture of opium"—(Nat. Form.). TINCTURA OPII AMMONIATA, Ammoniated tincture of opium.—Take of "tincture, of opium, 3 fluid ounces (Imp.), or 150 cubic centimeters (Metric); benzoic acid, 180 grains, or 20.6 grammes; oil of anise, 1 fluid drachm, or 6.25 cubic centimeters; solution of ammonia, 4 fluid ounces, or 200 cubic centimeters; alcohol (90 per cent), a sufficient quantity. Dissolve the oil of anise and the benzoic acid in 12 fluid ounces (or 600 cubic centimeters) of the alcohol; add the tincture of opium and the solution of ammonia; mix well; filter; add enough of the alcohol to form 1 pint (or 1000 cubic centimeters) of the tincture. Dose, 1/2 to 1 fluid drachm. This preparation contains the soluble matter of nearly 0.62 grain of opium (containing 10 per cent of morphine, reckoned as anhydrous) in 1 fluid drachm, or of nearly 5 grains of such opium in 1 fluid ounce"—(Br. Pharm., 1898). This preparation is formulated after the old Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia formula for Elixir Paregoricum Scoticum, or Scotch Paregoric Elixir, and was used to fulfil the same indications that our paregoric is designed to meet. The excess of ammonia employed and the alcohol hold the opium alkaloids in solution in a free condition. A weaker solution of ammonia would be apt to precipitate the morphine. It is an unsatisfactory preparation, and has once been discarded by the British Pharmacopoeia. Being much used by the people of Great Britain, it has been reinstated. About 1 grain of opium is represented in every 90 minims. Vinum Opii (U. S. P.)—Wine of Opium. Related entries: Opium (U. S. P.)—Opium - Wines Other tomes SYNONYMS: Laudanum liqidum Sydenhami, Sydenham's laudanum. Preparation.—"Powdered opium, one hundred grammes (100 Gm.) [3 ozs. av., 231 grs.]; cassia cinnamon, in No. 60 powder, ten grammes (10 Gm.) [154 grs.]; cloves, in No. 30 powder, ten grammes (10 Gm.) [154 grs.]; alcohol, one hundred and fifty cubic centimeters (150 Cc.) [5 fl, 35]; white wine, a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Mix the alcohol with eight hundred and fifty cubic centimeters (850 Cc.) [28 fl, 356] of white wine. To the mixed powders add nine hundred cubic centimeters (900 Cc.) [30 fl, 208] of the menstruum, and macerate during 7 days, with occasional agitation. Then transfer the mixture to a filter, and, when the liquid has drained off, gradually pass through the filter, first, the remainder of the menstruum, and afterward enough white wine to make the product measure one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. If 100 Cc. of wine of opium be assayed by the process given under Tinctura Opii, it should yield from 1.3 to 1.5 Gm. of crystallized morphine"—(U S. P.). This is a pleasant vinous tincture of opium, containing in each 10 minims the activities of 1 grain of opium. With age it deposits insoluble extractive, and sometimes a little narcotine. This preparation is one of the forms of Sydenham's laudanum (Tinctura Opii Crocata, or Saffronized tincture of opium), the true form of which is a vinous tincture, made according to the Parisian Codex, by macerating, for 2 weeks, 2 ounces of opium, 1 ounce of saffron, and 1 drachm, each, of bruised cinnamon and cloves in 1 pint of sherry wine; then filter. A fluid drachm of this laudanum is equivalent to 3 grains of opium. Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—This is one of the most eligible of the liquid preparations of opium, having a more agreeable taste and smell, and being much less liable to nauseate than tincture of opium. It is occasionally used in conjunctivitis, to constringe diluted vessels and relieve pain. The dose is from 5 to 16 minims Syrupus Morphinae Sulphatis (N. F.)—Syrup of Morphine Sulphate. Related entries: Opium (U. S. P.)—Opium - Syrups Other tomes SYNONYMS: Syrupus morphinae, Syrup of morphine. Preparation.—I. "Morphine sulphate, two and two-tenths grammes (2.2 Gm.) [34 grs.]; water, hot, thirty cubic centimeters (30 Cc.) [487]; syrup (U. S. P.), a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Dissolve the morphine sulphate in the hot water, and add enough syrup to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Each fluid drachm contains 1/8 grain of morphine sulphate. Note.—This preparation is in considerable use in the southern states. It should, however, never be dispensed in prescription, unless it is known to be the preparation intended, or unless it is designated as that of the National Formulary (N. F.). When Syrup of Morphine is prescribed without any such specific designation or knowledge, it is recommended that the corresponding, but weaker preparation of the French Pharmacopoeia be dispensed. The official title of this is Sirop de Chlorhydrate de Morphine (or Sirop de Morphine). This may be prepared approximately of the strength required by the Codex, as follows: II. Morphine hydrochlorate, seventeen decigrammes (0.7 Gm.) [11 grs.] [11 grains is seven decigrammes (0.7 g.) -HeK] ; water, thirty cubic centimeters (30 Cc.) [487]; syrup (U. S. P.), a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Dissolve the morphine hydrochlorate in the water, and add enough syrup to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Each fluid drachm contains about 1/25 grain of morphine hydrochlorate"—(Nat. Form.). Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—(See Morphinae Sulphas.) Dose, 1/2 to 1 fluid drachm. Related Preparations.—SYRUPUS MORPHINAE COMPOSITUS (N. F.), Compound syrup of morphine. "Fluid extract of ipecac (U. S. P.), two cubic centimeters (2 Cc.) [33]; fluid extract of senega (U.S. P.), one hundred cubic centimeters (100 Cc.) [3 fl, 183]; fluid extract of rhubarb (U. S. P.), sixteen cubic centimeters (16 Cc.) [260]; morphine sulphate, fifty-five centigrammes (0.55 Gm.) [8.5 grs.]; oil of sassafras, one cubic centimeter (1 Cc.) [16]; syrup (U.S. P.), a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Dissolve the morphine sulphate in about sixty cubic centimeters (60 Cc.) [2 fl, 14] of syrup, then add the fluid extracts and the oil of sassafras, and lastly enough syrup to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Mix the whole thoroughly by shaking. Note.—In some sections of the country, this preparation is dispensed when Pectoral Syrup or Jackson's Cough Syrup is demanded or ordered. As the formula differs too much from that originally used by Dr. Jackson, it is recommended that the above preparation be dispensed only when it is designated by the title above given"—(Nat. Form.). To the above we will add that it seems to us to have been unwise to have introduced this preparation at all, much less under the name Compound Syrup of Morphine, which title properly belongs to Jackson's Cough Syrup, which is the original Compound Syrup of Morphine. SYRUPUS PECTORALIS (N. F.), Pectoral syrup, Jackson's pectoral (or cough) syrup.—"Morphine hydrochlorate, fifty-five centigrammes (0.55 Gm.) [8.5 grs.]; oil of sassafras, one-half cubic centimeter (0.5 Cc.) [8]; syrup of acacia (U. S. P.), a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Dissolve the morphine hydrochlorate in about sixty cubic centimeters (60 Cc.) [2 fl, 14] of the syrup, add the oil of sassafras, and enough syrup to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Each fluid drachm contains 1/32 grain of morphine hydrochlorate. Note.—The original formula of Dr. Samuel Jackson's cough syrup was as follows: Sassafras pith, 60 grains; acacia, 1 ounce; sugar, 28 ounces (av.); muriate of morphine, 8 grains; water, enough to make 32 fluid ounces. The sassafras pith was afterward uniformly replaced by oil of sassafras, and the other constituents of the syrup have been more or less altered, so that a number of different formulas are in vogue in different sections of the country. It is recommended that the above be followed, if possible, for the sake of uniformity"—(Nat. Form.). There must be much confusion in the minds of pharmacists concerning these morphine syrups. Had the National Formulary given but one formula for Compound Syrup of Morphine, and made that one also Jackson's Cough Syrup, this could have been avoided. It seems as though the many syrups containing opium, or its chief alkaloid, might be reduced to the advantage of physicians, pharmacists, and the public. SYRUPUS CODEINAE (N. F.), Syrup of codeine.—"Codeine sulphate, one gramme (1 Gm.) (15.5 grs.]; syrup (U. S. P.), one hundred cubic centimeters (100 Cc.) [3 fl, 183]. Reduce the codeine sulphate to a fine powder and dissolve it in the syrup, previously warmed. A fluid drachm of this preparation contains about 1/2 grain of codeine sulphate. Note.—The Syrupus Codeini of the French Pharmacopoeia, is a weaker preparation, containing only about 1/8 grain of codeine (alkaloid) in a fluid drachm"—(Nat. Form.). Confectio Opii.—Confection of Opium. Related entry: Opium (U. S. P.)—Opium - Confections Other tomes SYNONYM: Electuarium theriaca. Preparation.—The U. S. P. of 1870 recorded the following formula: "Take of opium in fine powder, 270 grains; aromatic powder, 6 troy ounces; clarified honey, 14 troy ounces. Rub the opium with the aromatic powder, then add the honey, and beat the whole together until thoroughly mixed." This contains 1 grain of opium in about every 36 grains of the confection. Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—This confection was designed to take the place of the ancient mixtures known as Theriaca and Mithridatum. It is said to be useful in debilitated conditions with diarrhoea, weak digestion, with flatulence, gouty conditions, and other states where a stimulating opiate is thought necessary. The dose ranges from 5 to 20 grains. Syrupus Papaveris (N. F.)—Syrup of Poppy. Related entries: Opium (U. S. P.)—Opium - Syrupus Rhoeados.—Syrup of Red Poppy - Syrups Other tomes Preparation.—I. "Tincture of poppy (F. 416), eight hundred and seventy-five cubic centimeters (875 Cc.) [29 fl, 282]; sugar, seven hundred and seventy-five grammes (775 Gm.) [1 lb. av., 11 ozs., 148 grs.]; water, a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Evaporate the tincture of poppy on a water-bath, at a gentle heat, until its volume is reduced to four hundred and fifty cubic centimeters (450 Cc.) [15 fl, 104]. In this dissolve the sugar with a gentle heat, strain, and when the syrup is cold, add enough water to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Note.—The product is practically identical with the Syrupus Papaveris of the British Pharmacopoeia. The corresponding preparation of the German Pharmacopoeia (Syrupus Papaveris, or Syrupus Diacodii) is much weaker, and may be prepared as follows: II. Tincture of poppy (F. 416), one hundred and twenty-five cubic centimeters (125 Cc.) [4 fl, 109]; syrup (U. S. P.), eight hundred and seventy-five cubic centimeters (875 Cc.) [29 fl, 282]. Mix them"—(Nat. Form.). Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—This syrup is anodyne and narcotic, though capable of doing mischief on account of the uncertain opium strength of the poppy capsules employed in preparing the tincture. The dose for small children is placed at 1/2 fluid drachm. Related Preparation.—SYRUPUS IPECACUANHAE (more) ET OPII (N. F.). Syrup of ipecac and opium, Syrup of Dover's powder. "Fluid extract of ipecac (U. S. P.), eight and one-half cubic centimeters (8.5 Cc.) [138]; tincture of deodorized opium (U. S. P.), eighty-five cubic centimeters (85 Cc.) [2 fl, 420]; sugar, seven hundred and seventy-five grammes (775 Gm.) [1 lb. av., 11 ozs., 148 grs.]; cinnamon water (U. S. P.), a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Mix the fluid extract and tincture with three hundred and fifty cubic centimeters (350 Cc.) [11 fl, 401] of cinnamon water, and filter the liquid; to this add the sugar and enough cinnamon water to make the product, after the sugar has been dissolved by agitation, measure one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl, 391]. Each fluid drachm represents 5 grains of Dover's powder, or 1/2 grain, each, of ipecac and opium. Note.—In place of the above directed quantities of fluid extract of ipecac and tincture of deodorized opium, eighty-five cubic centimeters (85 Cc.) [2 fl, 320] of the official Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii may be taken"—(Nat. Form.). This preparation may be used like Dover's powder. The dose is from 1 to 2 fluid drachms. Extractum Papaveris.—Extract of Poppy. Related entry: Papaveris Capsulae.—Poppy Capsules - Extracts and Fluid Extracts Other tomes Preparation.—"Take of poppy capsules, freed from the seeds, and in No. 20 powder, 1 pound (av.); rectified spirit, 2 ounces (Imp.); boiling distilled water, a sufficiency. Mix the poppy capsules with 2 pints of the water, and infuse for 24 hours, stirring frequently; then pack in a percolator, and, adding more of the water, allow the liquor slowly to pass until about a gallon has been collected, or until the residue is exhausted. Evaporate the liquor by a water-bath until it is reduced to a pint, and, when cold, add the spirit. Let the mixture stand for 24 hours, then separate the clear liquor by filtration, and evaporate this by a water-bath until the extract has acquired a suitable consistence for forming pills"—(Br. Pharm.). This preparation is seldom employed in America. Medical Uses and Dosage.—(See Papaveris Capsulae). Dose, 2 to 5 grains. ACETUM OPII, B.P.C. VINEGAR OF OPIUM. Related entries: Papaver somniferum - Vinegars Other tomes Synonym.—Black Drop.Opium, in fine powder 10.00 | 2 ounces Nutmeg, in No. 30 powder 3.00 | 262 1/2 grains Refilled Sugar 20.00 | 4 ounces Diluted Acetic Acid ... to 100.00 | to 20 fl. ounces Macerate the opium and nutmeg in 50 (10 fluid ounces) of the diluted acetic acid, for seven days, stirring frequently; then strain and express. Mix the residue with diluted acetic acid, 20 (4 fluid ounces), then strain and express again. Mix and filter the strained liquids, dissolve the sugar in the filtrate, and pass through the filter sufficient diluted acetic acid to make the product measure 100 (20 fluid ounces). Dose.—3 to 6 decimils (0.3 to 0.6 milliliters) (5 to 10 minims). LIQUOR OPII SEDATIVUS, B.P.C. SEDATIVE SOLUTION OF OPIUM. Related entry: Opium poppy - Solutions Other tomesOpium, in small pieces 10.00 | 2 ounces Calcium Hydroxide 1.50 | 131 grains Alcohol 20.00 | 4 fl. ounces Sherry 15.00 | 3 fl. ounces Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity Alcohol (60 per cent.) to 100.00 | to 20 fl. ounces Boil the opium and calcium hydroxide with 75 (15 fluid ounces) of the water for half an hour; then cool, strain, press the marc, mix the liquids, make up to 65 (13 fluid ounces) with distilled water, and add the alcohol and sherry. Set aside for sonic time, then filter, and add sufficient alcohol (60 per cent.) to make up to the required volume. The flavour and aroma of this preparation are much improved by keeping for some time before use, a period of six months having been recommended for maturing the solution. It is prescribed by many practitioners in preference to Extractum Opii Liquidum and Tinctura Opii for internal use, but has the same action. Dose.—3 to 10 decimils (5 to 15 minims), for repeated administration; for a single administration I to 2 mils (15 to 30 minims). EXTRACTUM PAPAVERIS LIQUIDUM, B.P.C. LIQUID EXTRACT OF POPPY. Related entries: Poppy - Extracts Other tomesPoppy Capsules, freed from seeds, in No. 20 powder 45.00 | 9 ounces Alcohol 25.00 | 5 fl. ounces Distilled Water, boiling, a sufficient quantity. Digest the poppy capsules in 100 (20 fluid ounces) of the boiling water for twenty-four hours, stirring frequently; then transfer to a percolator, and exhaust by percolation with more boiling distilled water. Evaporate the liquid on a water-bath to 75 (15 fluid ounces); when cold add the alcohol, allow to stand for twenty-four hours, filter, and make up to the required volume with distilled water. Dose.—2 to 4 mils (30 to 60 minims). Tinctura Opii Camphorata. Other tomesTake of Tinct. Opii, iij ijss. Spts. Camphorae, j iij. Ol. Anisi, ij. Acid. Benzoic., ij. Alcoholis, q. s. ft. Oij. Mix. Mel. Despumat., iv. troy. Aquae, q. s. ft. Oij. Mix the two solutions together, and filter through paper. Of course the tinctures are to be of the officinal strength. The actual relation of camphor and opium in this and the officinal recipe is as follows: In my formula. Formula 1866, U. S. P. Camphor, grs. 82 1/2. grs. 80. Opium, grs. 123 3/4. grs. 120. The other ingredients are identical in quantity. Aromatic Essence of Ginger. Other tomesRx Ginger, xii. Cinnamon, i. Cardamon Seed, ss. Cloves, iij. Capsicum ij. All in moderately coarse powder. Alcohol, Oiv. Proceed as directed for Tr. Zingiberis. The above makes very agreeable form of tinct. of ginger. I would also suggest that some suitable character or sign be used to denote either or different from the one now used. I find many of the errors in prescriptions are caused by the confounding or indistinct writing of the two characters and . Mt. Airy, Philada., Feby. 24, 1871. Last edited by Benga; 23-01-2010 at 20:02.
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#5
02-02-2007, 03:03
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
SWIM found the term "Laudanum Antihystericum" pretty hysterical, actually!
Excellent recipes and posts, SWIM can't wait to get to the kitchen with these. There is another laudanum thread on here somewhere, so these should be linked together, methinks.
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#6
03-02-2007, 01:22
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
Quote:
take care b
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#7
03-02-2007, 20:06
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
WOW! Thanks so much for these! I love old stuff like this - I personally collect old recipes and knitting/sewing/crochet patterns and anything else similar I can find. Haven't come across anything like this, though! Thank you so much for sharing - I love seeing how things used to be done! *grin*
~Kailey Quote:
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#8
06-02-2007, 02:27
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
This thread comes from the chemistry forum, and SWIM will link to it here. Theres some more laudanum recipes to be found there, more contemporary stuff. SWIM thinks it would be an interesting project if someone had the time and resources to test out a couple of the recipes (classic and contemporary) and see how they compare.
Again, benga, great work here, SWIM can't stress enough how impressive this thread is.
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#9
17-02-2007, 07:36
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
This is a fascinating thread,Victorian times certainly were a wonderful time to be an opiate user!
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#10
04-06-2007, 23:44
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
The (presumed) condition called hysteria owes its name to the word hyster which is latin for uterus, as this condition was presumed to exist only in women.
Today I belive it is used scientifically only in relation with the so called hysterical pregnancies. However there is something interesting in treating an unexisting condition with opium: no matter what the patient had, she was bound to feel better after a heafty dose. As for the Laudanum there is something that I don' t really get. I had already had occasion to perouse a few of the classic recipes for this compound, and what always struck me was that the only active principles in it are the opium and the alcohol. It seems that all the rest is there only to give it a swallowble taste, even though Paracelsus claimed that his laudanum ' s horrible taste was an important component of his medicament. Why is it important to let the opium macerate for weeks on end? It seems to me that the effect should be identical if after swallowing a dose of opium one would down a tumbler of scotch or would wash it down with a nice glass of port. Helen of Troy' s mythical "Nepentha" , a beverage said to be capable to drown all sorrows, was supposed to be just that: opium in wine with honey and herbs to cover the bitter taste. VV. " Eat opium, mingle arsenick in thy drink. Still thou mayst live avoiding pen and ink. " (John Dryden, "Absalom and Achitophel " )
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#11
05-06-2007, 00:01
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
You are indeed right, Vincent. I am reading a book right now on the history of opium (Martin Booth`s Opium:A History) and what you have to keep in mind is that alot of the recipes were concocted in a mix of alchemy and medical practice. Just as many ingredients went in for susperstitious reasons as scientific ones. One of the most popular recipes (Paraselsus`s, I believe) contained the ingredient ``Ground Unicorn Horn``.
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#12
24-06-2007, 13:09
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
Benga, this is great info, many thanks. SWIM has been looking for really good recipes for years and these look by far the best. Now, I shall have to tell SWIM to start on the pod extraction again
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#13
11-03-2008, 07:40
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
"Just as many ingredients went in for susperstitious reasons as scientific ones. One of the most popular recipes (Paraselsus`s, I believe) contained the ingredient ``Ground Unicorn Horn``."
Unicorn Horns were/are the long tooth/tusk of the Narwhal which projects upward, and looks like a horn. A precious commodity from ancient times to the middle ages. Highly prized by royalty, it was beleived to come from unicorns & have magical healing powers, whether powdered in recipes, or used as a drinking vessel. One wonders if substances in ground Narwhal tooth actually added to the viabitity of such recipes.
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#14
14-03-2008, 02:51
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
Quote:
 My feline is interested in making laudnum as well as a new friend he met recently. He is working on a recipe now that he will gladly share that is going to be easy for even the unexperienced to make and he'll share it with the other 'cat lovers'......  One thing Swim did notice was in alot of the recipes above, the chemist boiled the pods or opium. With all the information on this board, it would seem that the general consensus would be that boiling opium, pods...etc...harms the morphine molecule and if this were true, then maybe the kick from the old laudnum recipes was actually from high alcohol contents, and not from the opium. If it isn't true, then could lot's of tea makers be getting a better result by perhaps boiling, or even simmering the tea? Swim has been making really good tea, but is always careful not to boil the poppy powder. May have to make a few batches different ways and share the results..............
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#15
14-03-2008, 06:53
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
actually upon quick reviewal most of the recipes swim translated and posted stipulate maceration or below boiling pointing heating (90° C)
b
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#16
14-03-2008, 11:39
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
1. macerate To soften (something), or separate (something) into pieces, by immersion in a liquid.
2. lixiviate - To separate a substance into soluble and insoluble components through percolation 3. percolation - the seepage or filtration of a liquid through a porous substance drachm (plural drachms)
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#17
14-03-2008, 14:30
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
I accidentally posted the above before figuring out these recipes use the avoirdupos system or the apothecaries', or both. This link provides values for those and more. (Imperial measures fom the British Pharmacopoeia...)
If anyone knows, Benga?, can you say what value the minims and grains have? Tables of weights and measures http://homeoint.org/cazalet/weight/index.htm There's a funny selection from an 1843 US Dispensatory on medicinal hemp extract too.
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#18
14-03-2008, 17:55
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
LIQUOR OPII SEDATIVUS, B.P.C.
SEDATIVE SOLUTION OF OPIUM. Related entry: Opium poppy - Solutions Other tomesOpium, in small pieces 10.00 | 2 ounces Calcium Hydroxide 1.50 | 131 grains Alcohol 20.00 | 4 fl. ounces Sherry 15.00 | 3 fl. ounces Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity Alcohol (60 per cent.) to 100.00 | to 20 fl. ounces Boil the opium and calcium hydroxide with 75 (15 fluid ounces) of the water for half an hour; then cool, strain, press the marc, mix the liquids, make up to 65 (13 fluid ounces) with distilled water, and add the alcohol and sherry. Set aside for sonic time, then filter, and add sufficient alcohol (60 per cent.) to make up to the required volume. The flavour and aroma of this preparation are much improved by keeping for some time before use, a period of six months having been recommended for maturing the solution. It is prescribed by many practitioners in preference to Extractum Opii Liquidum and Tinctura Opii for internal use, but has the same action. This recipe and the one after call for boiling for extended periods of time. Then allowing it to sit in solution for up to 6 months. SWIM was just wondering if it wouldn't be the alcohol that the user is getting more of. But then again, maybe boiling with the calcium actually bonds the morphine and makes it a stronger molecule this way......don't know, but am willing to try it to see. Right now, SWIM have a tea steeping, along with 2 oz. of distilled moonshine that one aquired from his friend down in the south. Am going to add whole lemons and cloves. Going to let sit for a few days before filtering. Will let SWIY's know how it turns out..................SC
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#19
15-03-2008, 05:12
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
Strange they would mention boiling rather than steeping or steaming as is usually the case.
In any case SWIyour other mention sounds promising. Let SWIMMERS know how the feline ventured. 
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#20
15-03-2008, 13:05
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
swim is quite familiar with herbalist terminologies and traditional extraction techniques,
for more info on the subject, also from english language based sources, please read this what i'd posted here describing in details the termonologies and techniques employed ( including maceration, percolation, expression etc) please read this : traditional herbalist extraction techniques http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=29439 this should clear up a few things regarding techniques and terminologies. also added a circular link post in this thread to the traditional extraction recipes i'd posted in the past, classified per plant : http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=14691 - on the weight system used in the first recipe, as I'd writen at the end of this post http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/sho...43&postcount=3 , this book is a 1927 official french pharmacy book. The weight and volumes are all mesured in the metric system, as this is an official book and France is strongly metric. References are made to the old "traditional" and foreign weight systems, in order to help pharmacists with old recipes or old conditioning, and there are conversion tables, also given for the north american mesures and british system ( with a special mention for the U.K. systems, since french pharmacists, due to geography, would be more likely to have to figure out preparations from english patients visiting France, which would be expressed in non metric terms). But the book itself is 100% metric. The most frequently used references are actually liquid to weight ratios, something which I detailed in the 3rd post. for the other recipes coming from north american and british codex, a number of ( ancient) measures and systems are used, and it's quite complex indeed. but french official documents are metric, with the strong reminder that only the metric system should be used. i'll post a weight conversion charts which will clear things up a little in the next post. But again, the french recipes are metric, so this is mostly useful for either more ancient references or British and North American codexes. ( ps it's better to edit and post references directly in the forum than to post outside links, links do go dead sometimes) now pop a few anti-headache pills and enjoywhat's below : b Last edited by Benga; 15-03-2008 at 14:07.
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#21
15-03-2008, 13:24
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 pharmacy handbook.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
WEIGHTS and capacities in England and France are estimated from certain standard linear measurements. In England, a pendulum vibrating seconds of time in a vacuum, at the latitude of London, and at the level of the sea, is assumed as the standard of linear dimensions; it is 39.1393 inches. This is the standard, too, of all our measurement of length, capacity, and weight in the United States. But, like the English, we retain all the old and arbitrary systems of weights and measures; whereas the French have assumed. a decimal system in all their measurements that merits the highest praise and imitation. The linear standard of the French, from which they derive all other measurements, is called a métre. It is the ten-millionth part of a quarter of the earth's meridian, and measures 39.371 inches. The métre is divisible decimally in both directions. The connecting link between the English linear unit and their measures of capacity and weight are as follows: A cubic inch of distilled water weighed in air with brass weights at a temperature of 62° Fahr., the barometer standing at 30 inches, is equal to two hundred and fifty-two grains and four hundred and fifty-eight one thousandth parts of a grain; of such grains 5760 are required to make the imperial standard troy or apothecaries; pound; and 7000 of such grains make the commercial or avoirdupois pound. The imperial gallon has a capacity of 277.274 cubic inches; and a gallon of distilled water, as above, weighs 10 pounds avoirdupois, or 70,000 grains. The connecting link between the French linear unit and their measures of weight and capacity, are as follows A cubic centimétre of distilled water, at its maximum density, at the temperature of 39.5° Fahrenheit, is the unit of weights and is called a gramme, which is divided decimally above and below. A cubic decimétre is called a litre, which is the unit of the measures of capacity, and divisible decimally. Comparison of Weights and Measures. Apothecaries' Weight to French gramme. 1 grain (gr) = 0.0647 French gramme. 20 grains = 1 scruple = 1.295 French gramme. 60 grains = 3 scruples = 1 drachm = 3.885 French gramme. 480 grains = 8 drachms = 1 ounce = 31.08 French gramme. 5760 grains = 12 ounces = 1 pound (lb) = 372.96 French gramme. Apothecaries' Measure of Capacity. (United States.) 60 minims = 1 fluid drachm 480 minims = 8 fluid drachms = 1 fluid ounce. 7680 minims = 16 fluid ounces = 1 pint. 61,440 minims = 8 pints = 1 gallon. Avoirdupois Weight to French gramme. 1 drachm = 1.77 French gramme. 16 drachms = 1 ounce = 28.328 French gramme. 16 ounces = 1 pound = 453.25 French gramme. 112 pounds = 1 hundred weight 20 hundred weight =1 ton Apothecaries' grains. 1 drachm = 27.34375 French gramme. 1 ounce = 437.5 French gramme. 1 pound = 7000 French gramme. 1 hundred weight = 784000 French gramme. 1 ton. = 15680000 French gramme. Apothecaries' ounce = 480 grains Avoirdupois ounce = 437.5 grains United States pint = 16 fluid ounces Imperial or British pint 20 fluid ounces United States gallon = 128 fluid ounces = 8 pounds avoirdupois. Imperial or British gallon = 160 fluid ounces = 10 pounds avoirdupois Weight of Water at 62° and Capacity of: Cubic inches to Grains 1 gallon (Imperial) = 277.274 Cubic inches.. = 70000 Grains 1 gallon (U. S.) = 231.000 Cubic inches..= 56000. Grains 1 quart (Imperial) = 69.318 Cubic inches.. = 17500 Grains 1 quart (U. S.) = 57.750 Cubic inches..= 14000 Grains 1 pint (Imperial) = 34.659 Cubic inches..= 8750 Grains 1 pint (U. S.) = 28.875 Cubic inches..= 7000. Grains 16 fluid ounces = 28.875 Cubic inches..= 7000. Grains 1 fluid ounce = 1.732 Cubic inches..= 437.5 Grains 1 fluid drachm = 0.216 Cubic inches..= 54.7 Grains 1 minim = 0.0336 Cubic inches.. = 0.91 Grains French Measures of Length to English. inches. Millimétre = .03937 English. inches. Centimètre = .39371 English. inches. Decimétre = 3.93708 English. inches. Métre = 39.37079 English. inches. Décamétre = 393.70788 English. inches. Hectométre = 3937.0788 English. inches. Kilométre = 39370.788 English. inches. Myriamétre = 393707.88 English. inches. French Weights Equivalents in Grains. Milligramme, .0154 Grains. Centigramme, .1543 Grains. Decigramme, 1.5434 Grains. Gramme, 15.434 Grains. Decagramme, 154.340 Grains. Hectogramme, 1543.402 Grains. Kilogramme, 15434.023 Grains. Myriogramme, 154340.234 Grains. A gramme of water=1 cubic centimétre=15.43 grains=17 minims. 1000 grammes of water=1 litre=1 kilogramme=15434.023 grains=2 lb. 3.27 oz. French Liquid Measures to Cubic inches to United States Liquid Measures. Millilitre, Cubic inches: .0610 United States Liquid Measures : 16.2318 minims. Centilitre, Cubic inches: .6103 United States Liquid Measures : 2.7052 fl. drachms. Decilitre, Cubic inches: 6.1028 United States Liquid Measures : 3.3816 fl. ounces. Litre, Cubic inches: 61.028 United States Liquid Measures : 2.1135 pints. Decalitre, Cubic inches: 610.280 United States Liquid Measures : 2.6419 gallons. Hectolitre, Cubic inches: 6102.80 United States Liquid Measures : 26.4190 gallons Kilolitre, Cubic inches: 61028.0 United States Liquid Measures :264.1900 gallons Myrialitre, Cubic inches: 610280 United States Liquid Measures :2641.9000 gallons Last edited by Benga; 15-03-2008 at 13:38.
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#22
15-03-2008, 16:10
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 french pharmacy handbook.
Swim learned unless one knows their conversions (for avoirdupos, apothecaries, etc.) IT JUST ISN'T WORTH GOING BLIND FOR sitting at the pc trying to figure it out! Swim will avoid recipes with troy and imperial oz, grains, drams, fluid drams, minims...
Thank You for directing one to find more complete info for these recipes at - "traditional herbalist extraction techniques" The text included the point, whether to macerate (soak the shit out of something to break it down - preferably at 15-20C/59-68F) or to use boil/heat immersion, is rather a judgement call. If the drug is susceptible to being degraded by heat, maceration may be used first, then a short boil, or instead of heat altogether. But it also explains that heat hastens the process of extracting a drug from a plant. Summary: Boiling is quicker. Maceration is better, but takes a while (most recipes listed: 12 hrs - 7 days). Sydenham's Laudenum looks tasty and basic, but swim is favoring English Black Drops (with added alcohol). They use no heat or pain in the butt percolation. (Swim doesn't have a Pharma-mart or Apothe-pawn shop to get a percolator from) Plus they use acetic acid, which should yeild stronger narcotic extracts than water, vinegar, or alcohol alone. Okay Bye Bye Last edited by Alfa; 14-10-2009 at 00:00. Reason: dead link
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#23
15-03-2008, 16:47
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 french pharmacy handbook.
from experience with extracts, swim finds percolation at a lukewarm temperature is the best way.
you can see it by the rapidity that the menstruum becomes saturated with each run, it's insane. swim uses a glass percolator, made by taking an empty vinegar bottle, wrapping a piece of twine soaked in alcohol around the bottle's butt, setting the thing on fire with the bottle upside down ( which heats the glass from the twine up), and then swiftly plunging the bottle's butt in bucket of ice cold water. thermic shock causes the glass to crack off neatly. Sand or duct-tape the sharp edges and you have a percolator. slide a coffee filter and cotton wool in the neck to regulate the flow to 3 drops a minute and you're off. this takes a little experimenting with, how to pack, get the right speed etc... once done, percolation is a treat. healting the solvent slightly also help, swim places the percolator in contact with a soft source of heat. 3 days of repeated percolation runs give similar results to weeks or maybe months of maceration.
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#24
15-03-2008, 17:12
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 french pharmacy handbook.
Oh wow. Benga, Your weights & measures info (nice, very comprehensive) hadn't come up on my screen. I just replied to your previous post #21. It makes me look like a jerk, saying what I did.
I gave a link for over a dozen similar tables in post #17 - but if one doesn't know what the starting point is, it's most difficult. Some recipes are clear, while others just list grain, minim, drachms, once -- One has no idea which system (Avoirpois, Apothecaries',Troy,Imperial) a recipe is using. **I hope someone enjoys the 1843 hemp extract read w/cool old pill bottles anyway.
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#25
15-03-2008, 17:50
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Re: Laudanum recipes from a 1927 french pharmacy handbook.
It just happened again - the post being out of order thing cuz you don't see it yet.
Must be a name for that. Love the percolator idea. Is a 32 0z/ 950mL size bottle good? Would one re-percolate the same starting liquid until dark from soluables, then add a run or two of fresh liquid til it percolates out fairly clear? Swim will have to find one with buttocks. Does swiy really look like swiy's picture?
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