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Ecstasy (MDMA, MDEA, MDA) Documents
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  3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) and alcohol interactions in humans: psychomotor performance, subjective effects, and pharmacokinetics (2002) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2002 Jan;300(1):236-44

Hernández-López C, Farré M, Roset PN, Menoyo E, Pizarro N, Ortuño J, Torrens M, Camí J, de La Torre R

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is frequently consumed in association with alcohol. The effect of this... 		 
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13-06-2006
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Keywords: psychomotor interactions pharmacokinetics mdma alcohol
  3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Administration to Rats Does Not Decrease Levels of the Serotonin Transporter Protein or Alter its Distribution Between Endosomes and the Plasma Membrane (2005) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
JPET Fast Forward. Published on June 7, 2005

Xiaoying Wang, Michael H. Baumann, Heng Xu, Marisela Morales and Richard B. Rothman 		 
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04-06-2006
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  Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) occurs through the stimulation of serotonin receptors and transporter (1997) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Neuropsychopharmacology. 1997 Sep;17(3):117-29

Kramer HK, Poblete JC, Azmitia EC.

This report further characterizes the intermediate metabolic effects of the psychotropic amphetamine derivative, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "ecstasy"), on the activity of second... 		 
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26-06-2006
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  Acute pharmacological and neurophysiological effects of MDMA in humans (2002) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs Volume 34 (2) April-June 2002

Franz Vollenweider et al 		 
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04-06-2006
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  An antisense oligonucleotide targeted at MAO-B attenuates rat striatal serotonergic neurotoxicity induced by MDMA (2002) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behaviour 2002 Jun;72(3):617-22

Falk EM, Cook VJ, Nichols DE, Sprague JE.

The present study was designed to elucidate the role of dopamine (DA) metabolism in the serotonergic neurotoxicity induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). An antisense (AS)... 		 
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04-06-2006
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  Behavioral and developmental effects of two 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) derivatives (1994) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1994 Dec;36(3):161-6

Bronson ME, Barrios-Zambrano L, Jiang W, Clark CR, DeRuiter J, Newland MC.
Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Auburn University, AL 36849-5503.
The effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or 'ecstacy') and two structurally related compounds,... 		 
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27-01-2006
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  Deaths attributed to "ecstasy" in the clinical and toxicological literature Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Appendix of The Pharmacology and Toxicology of (ecstacy) MDMA and Related Drugs.  
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04-06-2006
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  Human psychopharmacology of Ecstasy; a review of 15 years of empirical research (2001) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Human Psychopharmacolgy 2001 Dec;16(8):557-577

Parrott AC

MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or 'Ecstasy' was scheduled as an illegal drug in 1986, but since then its recreational use has increased dramatically. This review covers 15 years of research into patterns of use, its acute... 		 
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27-06-2006
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  Long-Term Effects of “Ecstasy” Use on Serotonin Transporters of the Brain Investigated by PET (2003) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry 4 *
Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2003 Mar;44(3):375-84.

Buchert R, Thomasius R, Nebeling B, Petersen K, Obrocki J, Jenicke L, Wilke F, Wartberg L, Zapletalova P, Clausen M

Alterations of the serotonergic system due to ecstasy consumption have been extensively documented in recent literature.... 		 
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04-06-2006
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Keywords: serotonin neuroimaging mdma
  Loud Noise Enhances Nigrostriatal Dopamine Toxicity Induced by MDMA in Mice (2004) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Microscopy Research and Technique 2004 Jul 1;64(4):297-303

Gesi M, Ferrucci M, Giusiani M, Lenzi P, Lazzeri G, Alessandrì MG, Salvadorini A, Fulceri F, Pellegrini A, Fornai F, Paparelli A

The neurotoxicity of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) has been intensely investigated... 		 
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04-06-2006
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  MDMA represents a new type of pharmacologic agent and cannot be considered to be an hallucinogenic agent or an amphetamine-type stimulant Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Nichols, D  
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26-06-2006
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  Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'Ecstasy'): a stressor on the immune system (2004) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Immunology. 2004 Apr;111(4):357-67

Connor TJ.

Drug abuse is a global problem of considerable concern to health. One such health concern stems from the fact that many drugs of abuse have immunosuppressive actions and consequently have the potential to increase susceptibility to infectious... 		 
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04-06-2006
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  Multiple molecular and neuropharmacological effects of MDMA (Ecstasy) (2004) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Life Sciences 2004 Jan 2;74(7):803-14

Simantov R

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly referred to as Ecstasy, is a widely abused, psychoactive recreational drug, which induces short- and long-term neuropsychiatric behaviors. This drug is neurotoxic to serotonergic neurons in... 		 
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04-06-2006
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  Neurotoxicity of MDMA (ecstasy): beyond metabolism (2005) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
TRENDS in Pharmacological Sciences Vol.26 No.2 February 2005

Jon E. Sprague and David E. Nichols 		 
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04-06-2006
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  Neurotoxicity of MDMA - response Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
TRENDS in Pharmacological Sciences Vol.26 No.2 February 2005

Rafael de la Torre, Magı Farre, Terrence J. Monks and Douglas Jones 		 
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04-06-2006
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  Nichols, Shulgin; MDBD and MDMA, a Novel Therapeutic Class (Entactogens) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Derivatives of I-( 1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-butanamine: Representatives of a Novel
Therapeutic Class

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1986 Oct;29(10):2009-15

The alpha-ethyl phenethylamine derivative 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-butanamine was prepared. An asymmetric synthesis was used to... 		 
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26-06-2006
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  Nichols; MDA, MDMA and PMA in Serotonin Release Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Effects of Certain Hallucinogenic Amphetamine Analogues on the Release of
[3H]Serotonin from Rat Brain Synaptosomes

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1982 May;25(5):530-5

The enantiomers of 3,4-(methylenedioxy)amphetamine (MDA), p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), and N-Me-MDA (MDMA), along with... 		 
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26-06-2006
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  Our experiences with fatal ecstasy abuse (two case reports) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Forensic Science International 2005 Jan 17;147 Suppl:S77-80

Karlovsek MZ, Alibegović A, Balazic J.

Ecstasy is a psychostimulative drug (ab)used mostly by teenagers and young adults in discotheques and on the "rave" parties. Older adults ecstasy abusing cases are very rare. Among four cases... 		 
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04-06-2006
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  Production of hydrogen peroxide with MDMA use (2004) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy)-mediated production of hydrogen peroxide in an in vitro model: the role of dopamine, the serotonin-reuptake transporter, and monoamine oxidase-B

Neuroscience Letters 2004 Aug 26;367(1):56-9

Hrometz SL, Brown AW, Nichols DE, Sprague JE.
... 		 
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04-06-2006
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  Psychiatric disorders in Ecstasy (MDMA) users: a literature review focusing on personal predisposition and drug history (2001) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Human Psychopharmacology 2001 Dec;16(8):641-645

Soar K, Turner JJ, Parrott AC.

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy) has been implicated in the onset of a number of psychological disorders and associated with a number of psychiatric symptoms that have persisted after cessation... 		 
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26-06-2006
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  Serotonergic neurotoxicity of 3,4-(+/-)-methylenedioxyamphetamine and 3,4-(+/-)-methylendioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) is potentiated by inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (2001) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Chemical Research in Toxicology 2001 Jul;14(7):863-70

Bai F, Jones DC, Lau SS, Monks TJ.

Reactive metabolites play an important role in 3,4-(+/-)-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-(+/-)-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy)-mediated serotonergic neurotoxicity, although the... 		 
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26-06-2006
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  Synthesis and Neurotoxicological Evaluation of MDMA Metabolites Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
 
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26-06-2006
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  The Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”) (2003) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Pharmacology Reviews 2003 Sep;55(3):463-508

Green AR, Mechan AO, Elliott JM, O'Shea E, Colado MI

The amphetamine derivative (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is a popular recreational drug among young people, particularly those involved in the dance culture. MDMA... 		 
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04-06-2006
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Keywords: pharmacology mdma
  The Pharmacology and Toxicology of (ecstasy) MDMA and Related Drugs (2001) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Canadian Medical Journal OCT. 2, 2001; 165 (7)

Harold Kalant

Review article 		 
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04-06-2006
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  3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine induces monoamine release, but not toxicity, when administered centrally at a concentration occurring following a peripherally injected neurotoxic dose (2001) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Psychopharmacology 2001 Mar;154(3):251-60

Esteban B, O'Shea E, Camarero J, Sanchez V, Green AR, Colado MI

These data demonstrate that MDMA when injected directly into the brain produces 5-HT release but no neurotoxicity, suggesting that it must be metabolised peripherally in order to... 		 
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01-10-2007
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Keywords: 5-hydroxytryptamine neurotoxicity mdma
  A clash of policy approaches: The rise (and fall?) of Dutch harm reduction policies towards ecstasy consumption (2005) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
International Journal of Drug Policy 16 (2005) 65-72

Uitermark and Cohen

This paper describes the origins and evolution of Dutch harm reduction policies towards ecstasy. It is argued that the national government has allowed and supported local stakeholders to experiment with harm reduction...

See also Drug Policy Debate Documents  		 
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10-04-2007
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  A Prospective Cohort Study on Sustained Effects of Low-Dose Ecstasy Use on the Brain in New Ecstasy Users (2007) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Neuropsychopharmacology 2007 Feb;32(2):458-70

de Win MM, Reneman L, Jager G, Vlieger EJ, Olabarriaga SD, Lavini C, Bisschops I, Majoie CB, Booij J, den Heeten GJ, van den Brink W

It is debated whether ecstasy use has neurotoxic effects on the human brain and what the effects are of a low... 		 
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21-11-2006
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  A role for oxytocin and 5-HT1A receptors in the prosocial effects of 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (2007) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Neuroscience 2007 May 11;146(2):509-14

Thompson MR, Callaghan PD, Hunt GE, Cornish JL, McGregor IS

The drug 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) has a widely documented ability to increase feelings of love and closeness toward others. The present study investigated whether... 		 
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28-04-2007
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  Attenuation of MDMA Induced Neurotoxicity with the Serotonin Precursors Tryptophan and 5-HTP (1994) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Life Sciences 1994;55(15):1193-8.

Sprague JE, Huang X, Kanthasamy A, Nichols DE

Treatment of rats with serotonin (5-HT) precursors tryptophan (TRP, 400 mg/kg) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP, 50 mg/kg) was shown to attenuate MDMA (20 mg/kg) induced serotonergic neurotoxicity as measured by... 		 
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04-12-2006
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  Cognitive Function and Mood in MDMA/THC Users THC users and non-drug using controls (2006) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Journal of Psychopharmacology 2006 Mar;20(2):302-11.

Lamers CT, Bechara A, Rizzo M, Ramaekers JG.

Repeated ecstasy (MDMA) use is reported to impair cognition and cause increased feelings of depression and anxiety. Yet, many relevant studies have failed to control for use of drugs other than... 		 
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20-08-2006
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  Harm reduction and decision making among recreational ecstasy users (2005) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
International Journal of Drug Policy 16 (2005) 54-64

Panagopoulos and Ricciardelli

This study investigated risk and harm reduction practices among recreational ecstasy users. A semistructured interview with 40 participants was designed to investigate how ecstasy users identify and manage... 		 
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10-04-2007
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  MDMA (Ecstasy) And The Rave: A Review (1997) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Pediatrics Oct 1997; 100, 4; 705-8

Schwartz RH, Miller NS

Analysis of MDMA and its relationship to raves. Includes toxicological information as well as notes on current cultural use. 		 
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30-08-2006
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  MDMA and Psychiatric Problems (2007) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Psychopharmacology (2007) 189:575–576

Casey R. Guillot & Mitchell E. Berman

Letter to the Editor, no abstract 		 
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08-01-2008
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  MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry 5 *
A Revised Treatment Manual Draft

This manual provides the researcher with a method of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy to be used in conducting a scientific study of its potential risks and benefits in order to develop and test an investigational form of drug-assisted psychotherapy. 		 
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01-02-2007
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  Memory deficits in abstinent MDMA (ecstasy) users: neuropsychological evidence of frontal dysfunction (2006) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Journal of Psychopharmacology 2006 May;20(3):373-84

Quednow BB, Jessen F, Kuhn KU, Maier W, Daum I, Wagner M

MDMA users showed widespread and marked verbal memory de.cits, compared to drug-naive controls as well as compared to cannabis users, whereas cannabis users did not differ from... 		 
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08-01-2008
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  Problematic versus non-problematic ecstasy/MDMA use: the influence of drug usage patterns and pre-existing psychiatric factors (2006) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Journal of Pschopharmacology 2006 May;20(3):417-24

Soar K, Turner JJ, Parrott AC

Recreational ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA) use has been increasingly associated with a number of psychiatric symptoms and psychological problems. However, previous studies assessing possible... 		 
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08-01-2008
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  Self-reported psychopathological symptoms in recreational ecstasy (MDMA) users are mainly associated with regular cannabis use: further evidence from a combined cross-sectional/longitudinal investigation Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry 1 *
Psychopharmacology (2004) 173:398–404

Jorg Daumann, Gernot Hensen, Bastian Thimm, Markus Rezk, Bianca Till, Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank

The present findings suggest that self-reported psychopathology in ecstasy... 		 
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01-06-2007
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  Sub-acute effects of MDMA (+/-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, "ecstasy") on mood: evidence of gender differences (2002) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Psychopharmacology 2002 Apr;161(1):23-31

Verheyden SL, Hadfield J, Calin T, Curran HV

RATIONALE: Research with animals suggests that central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) function may be attenuated for a period following a single dose of +/-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy').... 		 
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20-08-2006
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  The origin of MDMA (ecstasy) revisited: the true story reconstructed from the original documents (2006) Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
Addiction 2006 Sep;101(9):1241-5.

Freudenmann RW, Oxler F, Bernschneider-Reif S

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the origin of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy). The most commonly repeated statement in the medical literature is that MDMA was synthesized by the German... 		 
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20-08-2006
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  Drug testing kits Detailed discussion Left click: open entry/Right click: save entry
An interesting paper detailing social, health and legal issues surrounding testing kits.

2001-2005 		 
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05-11-2009
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