Orbitals are for mathematicians - Organic chemistry is for people who likes to cook! - Alexander Shulgin
When I was young I played with legos, but now I am older and I play with atoms - Synesthesia
There is more space between atoms, than there are atoms in the universe... - Zodiac Youth
The flask is your canvas and the periodic chart your palette - RatHead
Chemistry is life - Everything else is just waiting - Uncle Al
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MDMA / MDA
- Comprehensive Safrole FAQ
- Safrole from Plants
- Safrole - Synthesis & Reactions (Beilstein Crossfire search)
- Distillation of Safrole
- Determination of Essential Oil Safrole Content
- Safrole Isomerization (Review)
- Notes on the synthesis of Chloro/Bromo/Iodosafrole
- Phenyl-2-halopropanes (Beilstein Crossfire search)
- Alkyl halides to carbonyls using 2-Nitropropane (for example bromosafrole to MDP2P)
- Alkyl halides to carbonyls using NaIO4/DMF
- Notes on the Delepine reaction
- MDMA via direct aminomercuration of safrole
- Propenylbenzenes from propiophenones
- Aryl ketones (Propiophenones) to Aryl alkenes (Propenylbenzenes)
- The Complete Book Of Ecstacy
- Manufacture of MDA Analogs by Dal Cason (Really comprehensive)
- Safrole purification with Mercury(II)acetate
- MDA from MDP2Pol; the Mitsunobu reaction
- Purification of MDP2P with Sodium Bisulfite
- Purification of MDP2P via its NaI complex
- Complete MDMA Synthesis by Bright Star
- Complete MDMA Synthesis by Dr Drool
- MDA from Bromosafrole using PTC and an azide
- MDMA via Tosyl Chloride Intermediate?
- Photoamination - One step from isosafrole to MDMA
- Pseudonitrosite FAQ
- MDP2P by 2-Nitropropene Alkylation of 1,3-Benzodioxole
- Impurities in Commercially Available MDP2P
- A Study of the Precursors, Intermediates and Reaction Byproducts in the Synthesis of MDMA
Epoxide related
- Peracid (Performic/Peracetic) oxidation of isosafrole to MDP2P (Review)
- Oxidation of propenylbenzenes to P2P's using Peracetic Acid
- Meinwald Rearrangement of Propenylbenzene Epoxides to Phenyl-2-Propanones
- Electrolytic oxidation of safrole to MDP2P
- Procedure for the oxidation of isosafrole to MDP2P using Oxone
- Epoxidation of propenylbenzenes using dimethyldioxirane or oxone
- MDP2P from (iso)safrole via epoxide intermediate
- Epoxidation of Safrole, using H2O2 and a peroxotungstate catalyst
- Epoxidation using a Manganese Catalyst (PDF)
- MDP2P from isosafrole via the dibromide, bromohydrin and epoxide
- Isomerisation of Epoxides to Carbonyl Compounds by Iodides in DMSO
- Electrochemical Rearrangement of Isosafrole Epoxide to MDP2P
- Photochemical Conversion of Halohydrins to Ketones
- Epoxidation of Olefins without Metal Catalysts
- Oxidation of Alkenes to Diols with KMnO4/PTC
- Oxidation of Alkenes to Diols with Iodine and KIO3
- Synthesis of N-Iodosuccinimide (NIS) and using it to prepare iodohydrin acetates from alkenes
Piperonal/Catechol/Eugenol related
- Piperonal from Pepper
- Piperonal from isosafrole
- Alkenes to Aldehydes with KMnO4
- Isosafrole from piperonal
- Novel synthesis of Piperonal
- MDMA precursors from Eugenol
- Demethylation (Vanillin/Eugenol) and Methylenation (Piperonal/Safrole)
- A Re-examination of the Methylenation Reaction
- Synthesis of 4-allylcatechol (3,4-dihydroxyallylbenzene)
- Synthesis of 4-allylcatechol (Mechanism of Claisen Rearrangement in Catechols)
- Synthesis of Safrole from catechol
- Synthesis of Safrole and o-Safrole
- MDP2P from piperonal via 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl-2-nitropropene
- Large-scale MDA from piperonal
- Preparation of MDP-2-nitropropene from piperonal with MeOH/NaOH
- Electrooxidation of Isosafrole to Piperonal (PDF)
- Electrochemical Oxidation of Isosafrole to Piperonal and Isosafrole Glycol
- Isomerization of Eugenol to Isoeugenol - Kinetic Studies
Reductive amination
- Reductive amination of MDP2P with NaBH4
- MDA by reductive amination with Sodium Cyanoborohydride
- Al/Hg reductive amination of MDP2P using nitromethane as methylamine source [Pictures]
- Preparation of Aluminum Amalgam
- Osmium's variation of the Al/Hg reductive amination of MDP2P
- MDP2P/Methylamine reductive amination Osmium/BrightStar Style
- Impurities detected in MDMA made by Al/Hg Reductive Amination
- Catalytic hydrogenation of MDP2P/Methylamine to MDMA
- Reductive amination with NaBH4 and titanium(IV)isopropoxide
- Reductive amination with NaBH4, titanium(IV)isopropoxide and methanolic methylamine
- Reductive Amination of Ketones to Primary Amines using NH4Cl/NaBH4
- Reduction of Oximes and Phenylacetonitriles with ZrCl4/NaBH4
- MDA from MDP2P via the oxime, reduced by sodium metal
- MDA by Al/Hg reduction of MDP2P oxime in acidic EtOH
- MDMA and MDA via the Leuckart reaction
- MDE synthesis via reductive amination with nitroethane
- MDE synthesis via reductive amination with ethylamine
- Sodium Dithionite for the Reduction of Imines and Cleavage of Oximes
- Electrochemical Reductive Amination Method
- Electrochemical Reductive Amination of P2P's over a Mercury Cathode (PDF)
- Reductive Amination with Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride (PDF)
- Reductive amination using metallic magnesium
- Reductive amination of ketones using Pd/C and formic acid (PDF)
- Synthesis of Secondary Amines - A Review
- Aqueous NaBH4 Reductive Amination of Phenylacetones
- Hydrogenation of imines (DejaVu Format)
- Reductive Amination Using Potassium Formate and Palladium Acetate (PDF)
- Reductive Amination using Borohydride Exchange Resin (BER)
- Methylation of Amines with NaBH4 and ZnCl2 in DCM
Wacker Oxidation Methods
- Benzoquinone/DMF Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
- Benzoquinone/Methanol Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (Methyl Man)
- Improvements to the Benzoquinone Wacker
- DMF/O2 Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
- KRV/SRV Methanol/O2 Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
- Discussions about the Alkyl Nitrite Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
- Electrochemical Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
- Electrochemical Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (Improvement)
- Regioselectivity in the Wacker oxidation of Propenylbenzenes (PDF)
- Cyclodextrin - Palladium Chloride as a Ketone-selective Wacker Oxidation System
(Meth)amphetamines
- Crystal Creations (Archived Website Snapshot)
- Worlock's Meth Synthesis Page (Archived Website Snapshot)
- Resolution of Racemic Amphetamines into d- and l-Amphetamines
- Methamphetamine and P2P from phenylacetaldehyde
- Notes on the synthesis of chloroephedrine and reduction to methamphetamine
- Chloroephedrine Reduction to Methamphetamine
- Synthesis of phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
- CTH reduction of Phenyl-2-Nitropropene to Amphetamine
- Uncle Fester's Electroreduction of (pseudo)Ephedrine
- Phosphoramidomercuration of allylbenzene to give amphetamine
- Syntheses of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine
- A review of amphetamine and methamphetamine reduction methods
- The Clandestine Drug Laboratory Situation in the United States 1978-81
- Reductive amination overview with references
- Reductive alkylation overview with references
- Methamphetamine from P2P with NaBH4
- Al/Hg reductive amination under pressure
- Large scale meth production via catalytic hydrogenation
- Preparation of amphetamine phosphate (electrolytic reduction of phenylnitropropene)
- One Pot Amphetamine synth from BzCN, MeI and NaBH4
- Amphetamine from P2NP using Urushibara Nickel (NiCl2/Al)
- Meth from Benzylmagnesium chloride alkylation of acetaldehyde methylimine
- Methamphetamine from Phenyl-2-Propanone
- Methamphetamines from Amphetamines
- Synthesis of Allylbenzene from Cinnamaldehyde
- Synthesis of Benzyl Chloride
- Synthesis of Benzyl Cyanide
- Synthesis of Phenylacetic acid
- Allylbenzene - PhMgBr/CuI/Allylbromide
- PTC Willgerodt synthesis of Phenylacetic acids from Acetophenones
- Synthesis of Phenyl-2-nitropropene
- Comprehensive Leuckart Reaction Overview from Organic Reactions (PDF)
- Synthesis of Allylbenzene and Phenyl-2-bromopropane
- Direct Amination of Phenylpropenes to Amphetamines (German PDF)
- Preparation of Amphetamines from Phenylpropanolamines
- Optically pure Amphetamines by the way of alpha-Methylhydrocinnamic Acid
- Amphetamine Synthesis via an Acetoacetate Intermediate
- Reduction of benzylic alcohols to hydrocarbons with iodotrimethylsilane
- Dehydration of Phenyl-1-propanol to Propenylbenzene
- Synthesis of (S)-(+)-Amphetamine from (1S,2S)-2-Amino-1-Phenyl-1,3-Propanediol
- Amphetamine by Al/Hg reductive amination of P2P
- Efficient Isomerization of Allylbenzene with NaOH/PTC
Birch reduction
- The Complete Birch by Mr Clean
- Birch reduction of pseudoephedrine to Methamphetamine
- The Birch Reaction: Methamphetamine from (pseudo)ephedrine
- Chem Guy's notes on Birch-like reductions
- Birch Reduction kinetics (PDF)
- Anhydrous ammonia additivies inhibiting Birch reductions (PDF)
- Patent for Birch reduction inhibiting ammonia additives (PDF)
- How to reclaim Lithium metal from Lithium batteries (with pictures)
P2P related
- Phenyl-2-Propanone (P2P) Syntheses - a Review
- Synthesis of Phenyl-2-Propanone via Phenyl-2-Propanol
- Phenyl-2-Propanone from Allylbenzene via P2Pol
- Phenyl-2-Propanol from Styrene Oxide
- Synthesis of P2P from 3-phenyl-1-chloropropane
- The Nef Reaction - Phenyl-2-nitropropane to P2P
- Improved H2O2/K2CO3 Nef Reaction
- Synthesis of p-Methoxy-P2P
- P2P from propenylbenzenes
- Azlactone Route to Phenyl-2-Propanones from Benzaldehydes
- Tin(II)Chloride reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's
- Raney Ni-Na2PO2 reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's
- Strecker degradation of α-Methyl-Phenylalanine to P2P
- P2P by Hydroboration-Oxidation of Phenylpropyne
- Phenylacetones from O-Methyl Bromoacetone Oxime
- Phenylacetone by Wacker Oxidation of Propenylbenzene
- Differentiation of P2P Synthesized from Phenylacetic Acid with Acetic Anhydride vs. Lead(II)Acetate
- P2P trough Meerwein Arylation of Aniline
- Reaction of Aryllithiums with Epichlorohydrin
- Electroreductive Acylation of Benzyl Chloride to P2P
- Electroreductive Arylation of Chloroacetone to P2P
- P2P from n-Propylbenzene using the Étard Reaction
Ephedrine related
- Ephedrine: Synthesis, extraction and esterification
- Synthesis and resolution of racemic Ephedrine
- Enantioselective Synthesis of (1S,2S)-pseudoephedrine
- Racemization of Optically Active Ephedrines
- Comprehensive reference work on the extraction and synthesis of (pseudo)ephedrine
- Comparison of the Properties of Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine
- Ephedrine and its Salts - Isolation and Properties
- Synthesis of Phenylpropanolamine and (Pseudo)Ephedrine
- Synthesis of the Norephedrine Precursor (1R*,2S*)-1-Phenyl-2-nitropropanol
- Catalytic reduction of Ephedrine overview with references
- Ephedra (Ma Huang) as a source of (pseudo)ephedrine
- Chapter 5: Supercritical extraction of Pseudoephedrine from pills (PDF)
- Biotransformations for Ephedrine Production (PDF)
- l-Phenylacetylcarbinol (L-PAC) from Benzaldehyde (PDF)
- Phenylpropanolamine by reductive amination of L-PAC, made by fermentation of Benzaldehyde
- Debunking the Myth of Ephedrine/Methamphetamine in Chicken Feed
- dl-Ephedrine by reductive amination of 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione
- Ephedrine-type Alkaloid content of commercial Ephedra/Ma Huang preparations (PDF)
- Separation of methamphetamine from ephedrine through steam distillation
- Comprehensive article on (pseudo)ephedrine acetyl ester and amide (PDF)
- Pseudoephedrine pill denaturant patents (PDF) US6359011 US6136864
- Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Waterless A/B
- Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Full Turps Cure
- Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: E-Gull & IDEA Method
- Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Straight to Bee
- Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Straight to E
- Extraction of OTC Medications: A Preliminary Study Report by G.N. Gietzen (PDF)
HI/P reduction of ephedrine
- Methamphetamine Synthesis Via HI/Red Phosphorous Reduction of Ephedrine
- Meth via HI/P by Wizard X
- Hypophosphorous Acid synthesis and reduction of (pseudo)ephedrine
- Hypophosphorous Acid reduction of (pseudo)ephedrine (with pictures)
- Placebo's meth synthesis
- Workup of the RP/HI Methamphetamine Synthesis
- The Mechanism of HI generation from RedP/I2
Phenylalanine Related
- Reduction of D-Phenylalanine to d-Amphetamine
- Reduction of D-Phenylalanine to d-Amphetamine and d-Methamphetamine
- Phenylalanine to Amphetamine-d3
- Possible electrochemical conversion of L-Phenylalanine to d-Amphetamine
- Reduction of Tyrosine to Optically Active para-Methoxyamphetamine (PMA)
Methamphetamine Impurities
- Impurities Found in Methamphetamine Synthesized From Ephedrine with HI/P
- Impurities Found in Methamphetamine Synthesized via chloroephedrine
- Impurities Found in Illicit Amphetamine and Methamphetamine
- References regarding impurities from the synthesis of methamphetamine
- Impurities in Methamphetamine Synthesized From Ephedrine with HI/P
- Impurities in methamphetamine tablets found in Thailand (PDF)
- Reidentification of a Major Impurity in Illicit Amphetamine
- By-Product Contamination of Clandestinely Prepared Amphetamines and Cocaine
- The Origin of Alkenes in Illicit Amphetamine: Examination of the Illicit Synthesis of P2P
- [Bull. Narc.] Impurities in clandestinely produced amphetamine; A review
- [Bull. Narc.] Leuckart-specific impurities in amphetamine and methamphetamine
- [Bull. Narc.] Methamphetamine Impurity Profiling
(Meth)cathinone
- Methcathinone FAQ 2.2
- Criticism on the Cat FAQ
- Notes on the Synthesis of Methcathinone
- The Hyperreal Methcathinone Document
- Methcatinone via Jones Reagent Oxidation
- Synthesis and resolution of Cathinone from Phenylpropanolamine
- Comprehensive Methcatinone FAQ (In German)
- Synthesis of Dimethylcathinone
- Potentially Psychedelic Cathinone Analogs
- Synthesis of Phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
- Stereospecific synthesis, and optical resolution of Norpseudoephedrine
- (Methylenedioxy)Cathinone Characterization (PDF)
- Methcathinone Radiolabeling
- Ephedrone: 2-Methylamino-1-Phenylpropan-1-One (Jeff)
Misc. Phenethylamines
- PiHKAL - THE phenethylamine synthesis reference, by Alexander Shulgin
- A structural tour of Pihkal
- A comprehensive review of Pihkal, by Tyrone Slothrop
- Psychedelic Chemistry by M. V. Smith
- Novel Fluoro and Nitro analogs of TMA-2 and MMDA-2
- A new route to 2,4,6-DOM and related compounds
- A new route to 3,5-dimethoxy-4-substituted-phenethylamines
- Ethylenediammonium diacetate - a novel nitrostyrene synthesis catalyst
- Decarboxylation of phenylalanines to phenethylamines
- Synthesis of 2C-D
- Synthesis of STP (DOM)
- 2,5-Dihydroxyalkylbenzenes from Benzoquinone
- Synthesis of DOC
- DOB Syntheses Without LAH
- Phenyl-2-nitropropenes from Propenylbenzenes
- Nitroalkenes from Alkenes using NaNO2/I2/Ethylene Glycol
- Nitroalkenes from Alkenes using KNO2/I2/THF/PTC
- Electrochemical transformation of alkenes to nitroalkenes
- Rhodanine route from benzaldehydes to phenylacetonitriles
- Synthesis of Indanylamphetamine (IAP)
- Formylation of Indane
- Synthesis of 5-Methyl-MDA
- Synthesis of 3-Methoxy-4-Methyl-Amphetamine (MMA)
- Synthesis of 4-Fluoroamphetamine
- Phenylnitropropenes and phenylacetones from benzaldehydes (Org. Syn.)
- Benzaldehydes from propenylbenzenes or cinnamic acids using KMnO4/alumina
- Synthesis of 2,5-dimethoxyallylbenzene
- Preparation of unsymmetrical 2,5-dialkoxybenzaldehydes
- Preparation of Phenethylamines from Benzyl Alcohols
- Preparation of Anethole and Asarone epoxide with H2O2/MeCN
- Synthesis of 4-Alkylthio-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehydes
- Synthesis of Phenethylamines from Phenylacetic Acids
- Synthesis of 2,3-Methylenedioxyamphetamines
- Ultrasound Promoted Nitrostyrene Synthesis
- 2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetone via Darzen Condensation
- 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetone
- Synthesis of 2C-CN
- Synthesis of 4-Methoxyphenol
- Synthesis of 3-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
- Synthesis of 3,4-Methylenedioxy-5-methoxybromobenzene
- Synthesis of Fenfluramine, with an immense amount of novel amphetamine synthesis reactions
- Sodium Percarbonate Dakin Reaction: Benzaldehydes and acetophenones to phenols
- Benzaldehydes to phenols using H2O2
- Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-2,6-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
- Oxidation of benzylalcohols to benzaldehydes with acidic DMSO
- Benzaldehydes by reductive oxidation of benzoic acids
- 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-Hydroxypropenylbenzene
- Synthesis of all the Trimethoxyphenylpropenes
- Synthesis of Croweacin and some of its derivatives
- KG-60-NEt2 as Henry reaction catalyst
- Synthesis of 3-Methyl- and 4-Methyl-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
- 2,5-Dimethoxyacetophenone from Hydroquinone
- Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Fluoroethylamphetamine (DOEF)
- The Synthesis of Nitrostyrenes by the Henry Reaction
- Synthesis of 4-Fluoro-2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (DOF)
- High-yielding synthesis of Amphetamines using a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Olefination
- Alkyl Bromides to Secondary Amines using an aza-Wittig Reaction
- Oxidation of Allylbenzenes to Phenylacetaldehydes and Phenylacetaldoximes
- Synthesis of 2C-T-X Nitrostyrenes
- 2-Methoxy-3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde (Croweacinaldehyde) from Pyrogallol
- Synthesis of Croweacinaldehyde by Vilsmeyer Formylation
- Shulgin's first report on TMA
- First Synthesis of DOB
- Synthesis of 4-Methyl-3-Methoxy-Amphetamine (MMA)
MMDA related
- Shulgin's first report on MMDA
- Shulgin: MMDA Psychopharmacology
- Conversion of Eugenol to Myristicin and Elimicin
- Composition of the Myristicin Fraction from Oil of Nutmeg
- Synthesis of Myristicin
- Myristicinaldehyde (3,4-methylenedioxy-5-Methoxybenzadehyde)
- Synthesis of Myristicinaldehyde and Apiolealdehyde
- Homomyristicinic Acid, Myristicinaldehyde etc. from Myristicin
- Synthesis of Myristicinaldehyde and 5-Hydroxypiperonal
- 5-Hydroxyvanillin and 5-Hydroxy-3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde from 5-Bromovanillin
DMMDA-2 related
- Synthesis of DMMDA-2, 6-Br-DMMDA-2 and DMMDMA-2
- DMMDA-2 from dillapiole via the Delepine reaction
- Isodillapiole Pseudonitrosite and Nitropropene
- 2,3-Dimethoxy-4,5-Methylenedioxy-Phenylacetone from Isodillapiole
- 4,5-Dimethoxy-2,3-Methylenedioxyallylbenzene (pseudo-Dillapiole)
- Syntheses of Dillapiole and its 4-Methylthio analog
- Synthesis of Dillapiole and 1,2,3,4-Tetramethoxyallylbenzene
- Shulgin's first report on DMMDA and DMMDA-2
TMA-2 related
- 2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitropropene from asarone via the benzaldehyde
- TMA-2 from Calamus oil, using Wacker Oxidation and Leuckart amination
- TMA-2 from Calamus root bark - by Randolph Carter
- Reduction of 2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitropropene to TMA-2
- Synthesis of 2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, a TMA-2 precursor
- CTH Reduction of 2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitropropene to the ketoxime
- Reactions of Asarone
- GC Behavior of Asarone, Isosafrole, Isoeugenol and Methyl Isoeugenol cis/trans isomers
- Asarone Epoxidation Using Sodium Hypochlorite
- Why Asarone Cannot be Used in the Performic Oxidation
- New synthetic route for analogs of alpha-asarone
- Conversion of beta-Asarone into 2,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamaldehyde and gamma-Asarone
Mescaline related
- Mescaline from 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde via the Phenylacetonitrile
- Mescaline synthesis monograph from The Alkaloids Vol III
- Synthesis of Mescaline from eucalyptus sawdust
- Synthesis and Pharmacology of 2,6-Dichloromescaline
- MMDA & Mescaline synthesis from vanillin
- Electrosynthesis of mescaline
- Mescaline through catalytic hydrogenation
- Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Vanillin
- 5-Iodovanillin and 5-hydroxyvanillin from Vanillin
- Synthesis of Syringaldehyde
- Syringaldehyde from Spruce and Maple Woods
- Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-nitrostyrene and 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitroethane
- 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from p-Cresol
- Extraction of Mescaline from Cacti
- 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Vanillin, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde or p-Cresol
- An Improved Synthesis of Mescaline from Gallic Acid
- Syringaldehyde from 5-Bromovanillin by Ester-catalyzed Methanolysis
- Synthesis of Mescaline from 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol using the Mannich Reaction
- Syntheses of Mescaline from Gallic acid
2C-B related
- 2C-B Synthesis from 2,5-DMB
- Beaker's 2C-B synthesis using borohydride/CTH
- Improved NaBH4 reduction of nitrostyrenes to phenylnitroalkanes
- High-yield synthesis of 2C-H using LAH
- 2C-B Synthesis via Mannich reaction
- 2C-H via Darzen condensation
- Discussions of possible new 2C-B syntheses
- Reports on different successful 2C-B syntheses
- Synthesis of 2C-H via a mandelonitrile intermediate
- A novel route to 2C-B (and 2C-D/2C-E)
- Catalytic hydrogenation of 2,5-dimethoxynitrostyrene to give 2C-H
- Catalytic hydrogenation of 2,5-dimethoxynitrostyrene to 2C-H
- Improved bromination of 2C-H to 2C-B
- Bromination of 2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
- Selective Bromination and Iodination of 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
- Large-scale 2C-H bromination with pictures
- Synthesis of 2C-B from Anise Oil (PDF)
Aromatic Iodination/Chlorination
- Iodination of methoxybenzenes with I2/NaNO3
- Iodination of substituted benzenes with N-iodosuccinimide/TFA (PDF)
- Iodination of Methoxyamphetamines (I2/AgSO4)
- Iodination of Methoxybenzenes with NIS
- Aromatic Iodination
- Halogenation of methoxybenzenes with N-halosuccinimides
- 2C-C and DOC with N-chlorosuccinimide and perchloric acid
- Synthesis of 4-Chloro-2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-C)
- Regioselective Oxyiodination of Aromatics Using KI/Oxone
- Regioselective Bromination of Aromatics Using KBr/Oxone
- Regioselective Chlorination of Aromatics Using KCl/Oxone
- Aromatic Iodination with Lead Tetraacetate as the Oxidant
- Aromatic Chlorination with Sodium Hypochlorite
- Synthesis of 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
- Iodination of Methoxybenzenes using Alkali Iodides and H2SO4
- Iodination of Methoxybenzenes using a Mixture of Potassium Iodide and Iodate
- Shulgin: Synthesis of Radio-Iodinated N,N-Dimethyl-meta-Dimethoxyamphetamines
- Shulgin: Synthesis of 121I and 125I Radioiodinated 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (DOI)
- Shulgin: Synthesis of 123I Radioiodinated 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (DOI)
- Synthesis of 77Br Radiobrominated 4-Bromo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine (DOB)
Reductions
- Reduction of Nitroalkenes with Zinc and Aluminum Amalgams
- 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-Alkoxy-Phenethylamines by Zn/HCl Reduction of Nitrostyrenes
- Phenethylamines fron nitrostyrenes via 1 atm catalytic hydrogenation
- Reduction of Phenylacetonitriles and Nitrostyrenes to PEA's with LiBH4/ NaBH4and TMSCl
- Notes on the LAH reduction of nitrostyrenes
- Reduction of Nitrostyrenes with Red-Al (Vitride)
- Reduction of Nitrostyrenes to Phenethylamines using Red-Al
- Miscellaneous reductions of oximes to amines
- High-Yield Oxime Preparation using CaO/Hydroxylamine·HCl
- Nitrostyrene reduction using diisobutylaluminium hydride
- Zinc Borohydride Reducing Agent (PDF)
- Sodium Cyanoborohydride - Synthesis, Purification and Use (PDF)
- Sodium Cyanoborohydride Reduction - Review (DjVu)
- Borch Reduction - Cyanotrihydridoborate as a selective reducing agent (PDF)
- Sodium Borohydride/Carboxylic Acids - Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride (PDF)
- Sodium Borohydride in Carboxylic Acid Media - Review (DjVu)
- Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitrostyrenes at 1 atm H2
- Aqueous CTH with PdCl2/HCOOH/NaOH of cinnamic acids to hydrocinnamates
- Synthesis and Reduction of Azides
- Reductive Acetylation: Azides to N-acetylamines with AlI3/Ac2O
- Reduction of Azides to Amines with Zinc/NH4Cl
- Reduction of Nitriles to Primary Amines with Nickel Boride
- Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes
- Oximes from Conjugated Nitroalkenes using Pd/C-Ammonium Formate CTH
- Oximes from Conjugated Nitroalkenes using Lead Powder
- Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Zinc/Ammonium Formate
- Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Zinc/Hydrazinium Formate
- Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Magnesium/Hydrazinium Formate
- Reduction of nitroalkenes to nitroalkanes with 2-phenylbenzimidazoline
- Reduction of nitroalkenes to nitroalkanes with Triethylamine-Formic Acid
- Poisoning and Deactivation of Palladium Catalysts (PDF)
- Nitrostyrenes to Nitroalkanes with Methanolic Sodium Borohydride
- Nitrostyrenes to Nitroalkanes with Borohydride Exchange Resin (BER)
- Reduction of Phenylacetonitriles to Phenethylamines
- Electroreduction of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives (DejaVu Format)
- Reduction of Phenolic Nitrostyrenes with LAH
- Electroreduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes and Amines
- Reductions with Sodium Borohydride/Sulfur - NaBH2S3 (PDF)
- Reductions with Alkyloxyaluminohydrides, Red-Al etc. (PDF)
- Selective Reduction of Aldehydes with Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride
- CTH Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes using Pd/C-Decaborane
- Ultrasound-Promoted Aluminum Amalgam reduction of Nitroalcohols to Aminoalcohols
- Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Hydroxylamines using Boranes
- One-Pot Preparation of N-Substituted Hydroxylamines from Nitroalkenes using Boranes
- Reduction of Nitroalkanes to Amines or Hydroxylamines using SmI2
- Reduction of Oximes to Amines with a Zn-Cu Couple
- Selective Reduction of Nitro Compounds Using Formic Acid and Raney Nickel
- High-yielding reduction of nitrostyrenes to amines using Al/Hg
- Reduction of oximes to amines using Magnesium/Ammonium Formate
- Catalytic Reduction of Nitriles and Oximes
- Reduction of Amides and nitriles to amines using Tetrabutylammonium Borohydride
- CTH reduction of aldehydes and ketones to carbonyl compounds
- Pd/C- Hypophosphite CTH Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes
- Varma & Kabalka: Reduction of Conjugated Nitroalkenes with Boron Reagents (Review)
- Varma & Kabalka: Synthesis and Reduction of Conjugated Nitroalkenes (Review)
- Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Amines with Titanium(II) Reagents
- Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Amines with in situ prepared BH3·THF
- Reduction of Nitroalkenes and Nitroalkanes to Amines Using NaBH4/NiCl2 and Ultrasound
- Zinc/Ammonium Formate: Reduction of Oximes to Amines
- Benzyl Group Hydrogenolysis Using Zinc and Ammonium Formate
- Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes using Chromium(II)Chloride
- Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Ketones using Chromium(II)Chloride
- Review: Catalytic Hydrogen Transfer Reductions Using Ammonium Formate
- CTH Reduction of Nitroalkanes to Amines
Tryptamines
- TiHKAL - THE tryptamine synthesis reference, by Alexander Shulgin
- Tryptamine Synthesis from Tryptophan
- Synthesis of Tryptamine and 5-MeO-Tryptamine
- Synthesis of 5-Methoxytryptamine (Mexamine)
- alpha-Methyltryptamine (IT-290, AMT) Synthesis
- Indole-3-acetaldehyde from Tryptophan
- Synthesis of 5-Bromo-Indole
- Synthesis of Indoleacetic acid
- Synthesis of 5-Cyano-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-CN-DMT)
- Synthesis of 7-bromotryptamine HCl
- Indole-3-acetonitrile by Cyanomethylation of Indole
- Preparation of alpha-Substituted Tryptamines from Isatins
- The Speeter-Anthony Tryptamine Synthesis
Psilocybin related
- Extraction, TLC Analysis and Purification of Psilocybian Alkaloids
- Synthesis of Psilocin
- Synthesis of Psilocybin and 4-Acetoxy-DMT (O-Acetyl-psilocin)
- Psilocin Analogs, bromine or formyl substituted at either the 5- or 7-position (PDF)
- Psilocin synthesis through Pd-catalyzed alkyne cyclization (PDF)
- Large-scale synthesis of Psilocin and Psilocybin (PDF)
- Extraction and analysis of indole derivatives from fungal biomass
- Psilocin Extraction from Psilocybe Mushrooms
DMT
- DMT and DET synthesis
- Synthesis of DMT (and analogs) from Tryptamine
- Synthesis of DMT from Indoleacetic acid
- Synthesis of DMT via Tryptophol
- DMT synthesis via direct Fischer Indole Synthesis
- DMT from 2-nitrostyrenes
- DMT and 5-MeO-DMT from Me2NH/Cl-CH2CHO/Indole
- DMT tartrate prep, starting from Acacia maidenii bark
- 5-Methoxy-N-Methyltryptamine (O,N-Dimethylserotonin), synthesis, isolation and analysis
- 5-MeO-DMT Analysis: Quantitative & Qualitative TLC (PDF)
- Synthesis of DMT by Alkylating Indole Grignard Reagents
LSD
- LSD from Ergotamine Tartrate
- Novel synthetic route to LSD from elymoclavine
- LSD Synthesis: Discussion & References
- LSD Material Safety Data Sheet
- How to field test blotters for presence of LSD
- Possible two-step synth of LSD from LSA and iso-LSA
- LSD Syntheses from 'Recreational Drugs' by Prof. Buzz
- LSD Synthesis Patent
- LSD Synthesis using Peptide Coupling Reagents
- LSD Trafficking overview by the DEA
- LSD Manufacture overview by the DEA
- Field Identification Manual for Claviceps Ergot Fungus (PDF)
- Synthesis of Lysergic Acid from Paspalic Acid
- Ergot Alkaloid article by Arthur Stoll (PDF)
- LSD Total Synthesis by Cobalt-catalyzed cyclization of 4-Ethynyl-Indole-3-Acetonitrile (PDF)
- Synthetic Studies on (+)-Lysergic Acid (PDF)
- Ergot Alkaloid Biosynthesis, Tet. Rep. #14 (PDF)
- Fermentation Experiments with Claviceps Paspali
- Lysergic acid from ergocristine
- Hydrolysis of Ergotinine to Lysergic Acid
- R. B. Woodward's Total Synthesis of Lysergic Acid
- Novel Total Synthesis of Lysergic Acid
- Synthesis of 14C-Diethylamine and 14C-LSD
Opiates and Opioids
- Codeine to Morphine Conversion Review
- "Homebake" Labs: Codeine to Morphine and Heroin
- Extraction and purification of morphine from opium
- New patent on the extraction and purification of morphine from opium
- Opium - Poppy Cultivation, Morphine and Heroin Manufacture
- Morphine and Opium Alkaloids
- Identification tests of morphine
- Synthesis of Dimenoxadol
- Total synthesis of (-)-Morphine (PDF)
- Total synthesis of (+)-Morphine (PDF)
- Synthesis of Levorphanol (levo-Dromoran)
- Synthesis of Pethidine (Demerol)
- One-step synthesis of Prodine
- Morphine and structurally related analgesics
- Pethidine-type Analgesics Overview
- The Stereochemistry of Morphine
- Total Synthesis of Morphine
- Codeine FAQ
- Chromic's Coldwater Codeine Extraction
- Synthesis of a Clonitazene/Etonitazene Analog
- Conversion of Thebaine to Codeine
- Anileridine Synthesis and Pharmacology
Hydrocodone/Hydromorphone
- Codeinone from Thebaine
- Catalytic rearrangement of Morphine/Codeine to Hydromorphone/Hydrocodone
- Quantitative Conversion of Codeine to Hydrocodone
- 14-Hydroxycodeinone from Codeine (PDF)
- 14-Hydroxycodeinone from Thebaine (PDF)
Oxycodone/Oxymorphone
- Oxycodone and Codeinone from Codeine
- Oxycodone and Oxymorphone from Codeine
- Oxymorphone from Oxycodone
- Oxymorphone from Oxycodone with BBr3
Methadone
- Synthesis of Methadone
- Dibenzo-18-crown-6 as PTC in Bockmühl's synthesis of Methadone
- Methadone Chemistry: A Review
Fentanyl related
- Fentanyl Synthesis
- Discussions on a Fentanyl analog suggested by Drone #342
- Carfentanil synthesis
- Total Synthesis of Sufentanil
- Synthesis and evaluation of 4-Methyl-Fentanyl (PDF)
- Synthesis and evaluation of 2,3-seco-Fentanyl (PDF)
- Theoretical study of 2,3-seco-Fentanyl and other Fentanyl analogs
- Fentanyl Designer Drugs: Past History and Future Prospects
- The Identification of China White
- Designer Drugs: Past History and Future Prospects
Heroin related
Misc Drugs
GHB related
- GHB Synthesis FAQ
- Preparation of Sodium GHB by Chem-R-Us
- Synthesis and evaluation of 4-Methyl-GHB
- Synthesis and evaluation of the GHB analogs MAB and DABD
- Dehydrogenation of 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD) to gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL)
- References for the oxidation of THF to GBL
- Synthesis of GHB/GBL from GABA (Sandmeyer Reaction)
- Sodium bromate oxidation of THF to GBL (PDF)
- Solvent-free Permanganate oxidation of THF and 1,4-butanediol to GBL
- Hypochlorite oxidation of 1,4-butanediol to GBL
- Potential for gamma-Butyrolactone Synthesis from Tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-Butanediol
- 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD, BDO) - Forensic Profile
- Oxidation of THF to GBL with Calcium Hypochlorite
Dissociatives
- Synthesis and Effects of PCP Analogs - A Review
- Illicit Synthesis of Phencyclidine (PCP) and Several of Its Analogs
- The detection of PCC contamination in PCP and TCP
- Synthesis of Eticyclidine and Rolicyclidine
- Synthesis of Ketamine
- Synthesis of Ketamine with all precursors made from scratch
- Synthesis of 4-Methoxy-PCP
Benzodiazepines
THC related
Cocaine Related
- Illicit Production of Cocaine - A Review
- A Practical Total Synthesis of Cocaine's Enantiomers
- Synthesis of Cocaine
- Synthesis of Cocaine analogs from Arecoline
- [Bull. Narc.] Topics in the chemistry of cocaine
- Coca Cultivation & Cocaine Processing
- Nitrone Synthetic Route to Cocaine
- Cocaine containing plants
- SAR and Synthesis of Cocaine Analogs (PDF)
- Phenyltropane analogs with >60x the potency of Cocaine itself (DejaVu Format)
Other Stimulants
- Synthesis of the stimulants Adrafinil and Modafinil
- Synthesis of 1-Benzylpiperazine (BzP, A2)
- 4-Methyl Aminorex synthesis FAQ (beta)
- Large info/synthesis collection on 4-Methylaminorex (U4Euh)
- Appearance of Aminorex as a Designer Analog of 4-Methylaminorex
- The Stereoisomers of 4-Methylaminorex (U4Euh)
- para-Fluoro-4-Methylaminorex
- Pemoline Synthesis
- Chemistry of 2-Amino-Oxazolines
- Diarylpiperidines as potential CNS stimulants
- Synthesis of diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinyl-methanol and diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinyl-methane
- Synthesis of BPAP, a Potent and Selective Catecholamine Activity Enhancer (PDF)
- Synthesis of optically pure threo-methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Other Drugs
- Methaqualone (Quaalude) Synthesis
- Synthesis of Meprobamate (Miltown)
- Synthesis of Chloral Hydrate
- Preparation of trichlorobutanol (Chlorbutol)
- Synthesis of phenylpiperazine derivatives
- Hormones and Other Anabolic Drugs
- BZ and related substances
- BZ and Other Incapacitating Agents
- Review: Amanita Muscaria (Fly Agaric) - Chemistry, Biology & Ethnomycology (PDF)
- Synthesis of Muscimol
- Synthesis of several Barbiturates
- Barbiturates, their chemistry and synthesis
- Notes on Adrenochrome
- Improved extraction of Salvinorins from Salvia Divinorum
- Possible synthesis of Salvinorin
- The Salvia Divinorum Grower's Guide
- The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Kava-Kava
- Synthesis of Thiomuscimol, a potent muscimol analog
- Synthesis of Moclobemide
- Synthesis of Melperone
- Synthesis of Benzocaine
- First Synthesis of Viagra (Sildenafil)
- Development of the Commercial Synthesis of Viagra (Sildenafil)
- One-pot synthesis of Bupropion (Wellbutrin/Zyban)
Precursors and Reagents
Organic
- Methylamine Synthesis FAQ
- Nitroalkane Synthesis FAQ
- Nitroethane Synthesis: A Compilation
- Oxalyl chloride
- Phenylhydrazines
- Alkylation of phenolic aldehydes with trimethyl phosphate
- Methylene bromide
- Methylene iodide
- Cinnamic acid and beta-Bromostyrene
- Allylbenzene from cinnamyl alcohol
- Diethyl ether
- Acetic anhydride, Propionic anhydride and Acetyl chloride
- Formic acid
- Acetamide
- Amides from Carboxylic Acids and Amines
- Various formylation procedures
- Modified Duff Formylation with HMTA/TFA
- Aromatic Formylation using Triformamide
- Gattermann Aromatic Formylation
- Synthesis of Aromatic Aldehydes (Review)
- Anilines to Benzaldehydes (Organic Syntheses)
- Oxalic Acid from Household Cleaners
- Oxalic Acid from Household Cleaners (Improved Method)
- Info on nutmeg, extraction of nutmeg oil and isolation of myristicin
- Bromobenzene
- Iodobenzene
- Mandelic Acid and Derivatives
- para-Benzoquinone
- Toluquinone and Toluhydroquinone
- Ethyl Acetoacetate
- Notes on the use of 1-dimethylamino-2-nitroethylene (DMANE)
- Preparation of Acetophenones
- Acetophenones and Propiophenones
- Easy preparation of Chloroform
- Citric acid from lemon juice
- N-methylformamide
- Dichloromethyl methyl ether
- Chloroacetone and Bromoacetone
- Methyl Iodide from Methanol
- Great reference on natural propenylbenzenes and aldehydes (in German)
- Natural amphetamine precursors (with pictures)
- 2-Phenylpropanal
- Allyl Alcohol
- Preparation of Diphenylacetic acids (PDF)
- Alkyl Bromides from Alcohols
- Alkyl Nitrites from Alcohols
- Isopropyl Nitrite doc 2.0
- Ketene
- Acetonedicarboxylic Acid
- Diethyl Sulfate
- N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and N-Iodosuccinimide (NIS)
- Aromatic nitration with KNO3/H2SO4 in DCM (ortho-Selective)
- Aromatic nitration with NaHSO4/NaNO3/SiO2 in DCM
- Acetaldehyde and Paraldehyde
- Tetrabutylammonium Bromide (TBAB)
- 2-Nitropropene
- Ethyl Acetate
- Diethyl Azodicarboxylate (DEAD)
- Nitrobenzene and Aniline
- Chloroacetic acid
- Benzylamine and its N-Methyl and N,N-Dimethyl derivatives
- Methylisopropylamine
- Alkyl Chlorides to Alkyl Bromides using CaBr2/PTC
- alpha-Phenylethylamine, Synthesis and Optical Resolution
- Synthesis and resolution of alpha-Phenethylamine
- 3-Hydroxythiophenol (mono-thioresorcinol)
- Acids to aldehydes using Saccharin and Red-Al
- Silica Gel Supported Jones Reagent for the Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes
- One-pot Conversion of Alcohols to Primary Amines
- Phenol methylation with Betaine
- Oxone Promoted Nef Reaction
- Propionic Acid from n-Propanol or MEK
- 6-Nitro- and 4-Nitro-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
- Optically active cyanohydrins by use of Almond meal
- The preparation and use of Diazomethane
- The preparation and use of Methylene Sulfate
- The preparation of Ethyl and Methyl Sulfonic Acid Esters from Ortoformates
- Bromination Method for Anilines and Anisoles Using NH4Br/H2O2 in Acetic Acid
Inorganic
- Iodine crystals from Povidone-Iodine
- Iodine from Iodides with Ultrasound
- Iodine from Iodine tincture
- Red Phosphorous from matchbook strikers
- Chemical Behaviour of Red Phosphorus in Water
- Cyanogen Iodide (ICN)
- Potassium dichromate
- Palladium & Platinum catalysts preparation FAQ
- Urushibara Catalysts - New Hydrogenation Catalysts
- Rochelle salt (Potassium Sodium Tartrate)
- Sodium Cyanide
- Copper Chromite (dehydrogenation catalyst)
- Cuprous Chloride
- Mercury Salts (HgCl2, Hg2Cl2, HgSO4)
- Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH)
- Lead Tetraacetate, Pb(OAc)4
- Sodium Nitrite
- Guanidine Nitrate from Calcium Cyanamide
- Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride
- Manganese(III)acetate
- H2O2 FAQ from H2O2.com
- Cyanogen Bromide (CNBr)
- Liquid Anhydrous Ammonia
- Aluminum Chloride and Aluminum Bromide
- Lithium Borohydride
- Dithionite Salts Preparation
- Palladium(II)Chloride, PdCl2
- Sodium Cyanoborohydride
- Thionyl Chloride Purification
- Hydrazine Sulfate (OTC Prep)
- Tetrakis(Triphenylphosphine)Palladium(0)
- Chlorotris(Triphenylphosphine)Rhodium(I) (Wilkinson's Catalyst)
- Pyrophosphoryl Chloride
Preparation of Gases
- Preparation of 57% Hydriodic Acid
- Anhydrous Hydrogen Iodide and 57% Hydriodic Acid
- Anhydrous Hydrogen Iodide from 57% aqueous HI and phosphorous pentoxide
- Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride
- Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride (Ghetto Prep)
- Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride [ HCl(aq) + CaCl2 ]
- Hydrogen Gas
- Chlorine
- Nitrous Oxide
Law Related
- DEA's Suspicious Chemical Orders Task Force
- Special Surveillance List of Chemicals, Products, Materials and Equipment
- Code of Federal Regulations - Schedules of Controlled Substances
- Watched and Listed chemicals in the US
- Buying Chemicals, Glassware and Lab Equipment
- Abstracts from the forensic journal J. Cland. Lab. Invest. Chem. Assoc.
- Yogi Shan's Clandestine Chemistry FAQ
- Clandestine Drug Laboratories
- DEA report on future synthetic drugs of abuse
- Alexander Shulgin elaborates on future drugs of abuse
- Review: Clandestine Drug Synthesis
- Methamphetamine Control Act
- Methamphetamine Control Act FAQ
- Methamphetamine Precursor Chemical Control in the 1990's
- Precursors Frequently used in Clandestine Laboratories by INCB (PDF)
- Drugs and Chemicals of Concern
- Drug Precursor Chemical Control in Canada
- Amphetamine-type Stimulants - A Global Overview (PDF)
- Chemical Diversion and Synthetic Drug Manufacture (PDF)
- Code of Practice for Supply Diversion into Illicit Drug Manufacture (Australia)
- The Control and Monitoring of Drugs and Chemicals to Prevent their Diversion for Illicit Use (Australia)
Controlled Substances and Precursors
- CSA - Canada
- CSA - Canada, with structural diagrams
- CSA - United States (Schedules 1999)
- CSA - United States (Entire Act)
- CSA - United States (Controlled substances and exemptions)
- CSA - Germany
- Grundstoffüberwachungsgesetz (Germany, PDF)
- Regulation on narcotic substances (Iceland)
- Sweden - Controlled Substances
- Norway - Controlled Substances
- Norway - List of herbs and compounds classified as pharmaceuticals
- CSA - Estonia
- Drug precursors subject to EU authorisations
- List I and List II Chemicals (US)
- UN Report INCB/1999/4 on illicit drug precursor trafficking
- UN Report INCB/1998/4 on illicit drug precursor trafficking
Equipment & Lab Technique
- Setup for standard, vacuum and fractional distillation
- All-glass rotary evaporator
- Aspirator vacuum station with no need for running water
- Improvised Overhead Stirrer
- Homemade microgram scale
- Natural pH Indicators
- Digital vacuum gauge
- Build your own high-quality still (PDF)
- Do it yourself buchner funnel (PDF)
- Tips for Safe Parr Hydrogenator Use (PDF)
- A Simple and Easy Quick-Connect System for Condenser Hoses
- How to set up distillation equipment and much more (in German)
- Handling of air- and moisture-sensitive reagents (Aldrich Bulletin)
- Ground Glassware - Sizes and standards (PDF)
- Efficient Kugelrohr Distillation Cooling (PDF)
- Cheaply made Glove Box
- Very detailed distillation setup instructions
- Construction and Selection of Fume Hood Designs (PDF)
- Construction of a Liebig condenser from copper tubing
- How to perform a vacuum filtration
- How to perform extractions and washes with a separatory funnel
- Destruction and neutralization of hazardous lab waste
- Magnetic Stirrer Plans
- How thick is your Aluminum Foil?
- Construction and operation of a catalytic hydrogenation bomb
- Recrystallization Technique
- Basic Lab Skills - Crystallization, Distillation, Extraction, TLC, melting point
- Designing a Chemistry Laboratory (DejaVu Format)
- Constructing a good fume hood (DejaVu Format)
- Scientific Glassblowing, Part 1 (DejaVu Format)
- Scientific Glassblowing, Part 2 (DejaVu Format)
- Description of Equipment and Basic Lab Setups
- The Glassware Gallery - Drawings and Descriptions of Lab Equipment
- Needle Gauge sizes
- Simple Glass to Fancy Glass
- Construction of an Inline Gas Dryer (moisture protection tube)
- Cheap and efficient hydrogenation apparatus
- The Visual Organic Chemistry Laboratory - Lab technique explained in detail with pictures
- Ultra-micro boiling point determination
- Extraction Theory
- Beginners Guide to Soxhlet Extraction (PDF)
- Comprehensive Vacuum Pump FAQ with sections about Vacuum Gauges and Tubing
- Heat sources and heating bath fluids
- Titrating of Organometallic Reagents (such as RLi and t-BuOK)
- Excellent Illustrated Tutorial on Simple & Vacuum Distillations, vacuum bp calculation etc.
- Wine Corks as Stands for Round-Bottomed Flasks
- Recrystallization and Acid/Base Extraction - The Basics
- Condenser Ice-Cooling Setup
- Rotary Evaporators - Theory & Practice
- Parr Hydrogenation Apparatus Manual
- Hydrogen Chloride Gas Generators Associated with Clandestine Drug Labs
- Efficient and Inexpensive Apparatus for Hot Filtration
- Inexpensive Microscale Magnetic Stirrer
- Pump-less Condenser Cooling Water Circulator
- Small Scale Reactor for Ultraviolet Photochemistry
- New Glassware for Small-Scale Distillation
- Microscale Vacuum Distillation Apparatus for Simple Separations
- Design for a Miniature Portable Fume Hood
Chromatography
- Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) tutorial from Zubrick (DejaVu Format)
- Making TLC Plates from Bulk TLC Silica Gels
- How to Cut TLC Plastic and Aluminum Sheets correctly?
- TLC Tutorial Movie (Quicktime)
- How to perform flash chromatography
- First journal article describing flash chromatography
- Amateur Chromatography and Electrophoresis
- Flash Pad Chromatography - Simple Alternative to Columns
- Dry Column Vacuum Chromatography
- Dry-Column Flash Chromatography
- 'Dry Flash' Column Chromatography
- TLC Mesh Column Chromatography
- Dry-Column Chromatography (High-capacity TLC Derivative Method)
- Detection (Visualization) of TLC Zones
- Manual Microscale Column Chromatography Pressurization Apparatus
- Quantitative & Qualitative TLC Analysis: Digital Image Processing With any Digital Camera (PDF)
- Column Chromatography Tutorial (Microscale)
- Safe and Efficient Flash Chromatography Equipment for the Small Lab
Solvents
- Instructions on how to use drying agents
- Drying Agent Selection Guide
- Drying Agent Data
- Some Common Drying Agents
- Drying of Solvents and Laboratory Chemicals
- Drying solvents with Sodium/Benzophenone
- Miscibility of Common Solvents
- Solvent Miscibility and Polarity
- Solvent recovery of Tetrahydrofuran (PDF)
- Distillation and drying of solvents
- Purification of laboratory solvents
- Azeotrope database
- Physical properties of solvents and other liquids
- NMR Solvents
- Technical Information & Safe Handling Guide for Methanol
Chemical Data
- Calculate the boiling point of liquids under vacuum
- Convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius degrees
- Convert vacuum, pressure, volume and length units
- Convert between different pressure units
- Chemputer - Calculate reaction yields
- HTML Periodic Chart
- Types and properties of hydrofluorocarbons/HFCs and freons/CFCs (PDF)
- Celsius/Fahrenheit Concersion Chart (PDF)
- Common Concentrations of Acids and Bases (weight%, molarity, density)
- Comprehensive pKa table of organic compounds
- Comprehensive pKa table of organic compounds in DMSO (PDF)
- A collection of liquid reagents along with their molarities
- Scientific calculator for chemists with notebook
- Chemical calculator
- Chemical resistance tables for a wide range of materials (PDF)
- Useful Tables for Lab Use - Properties, Units, Solutions, Safety & a Periodic System (PDF)
- Molarity of Concentrated Reagents, Acids & Bases
Multimedia
- Clandestine Chemistry Photo Album
- From Safrole to MDA
- Reductive amination of MDP2P with Al/Hg and Nitromethane
- Bucket Reductive Amination via MethylMan Al/Hg Nitromethane
- Red P/Iodine Reduction of Pseudoephedrine to Methamphetamine
- PCP Synthesis via Enamine Intermediate
- Methylamine from Ammonium Chloride and Formaldehyde
- Distillation apparatus setup (Quicktime)
- Vacuum distillation procedure (Windows Media File)
- Organic Laboratory Instructional Video Clips
- The best tribute to The Hive that has ever been seen
Miscellaneous
- OTC Solvents FAQ 1.0
- Extraction FAQ
- An introduction to catalytic transfer hydrogenation
- PTC Oxidation of Alcohols Using Hydrogen Peroxide
- PTC Oxidation of Alcohols Using Hypochlorite
- General procedure for Collins reagent oxidations
- Psychotomimetic Chemical Weapons
- Technical information on hard gelatin capsules
- Gelatin capsule size chart (PDF)
- General Alkaloid Extraction Doc
- Grignard Reaction Notes
- Grignard Reactions in "Wet" Ether
- Aldehydes from grignard reagents and formic acid salts
- Aldehydes from grignard reagents using 2-(N-Methyl,N-Formylamino)pyridine
- Reduction of Acid Chlorides to Aldehydes using Sodium Borohydride & Pyridine
- Wizard X's Homepage
- The Complete Organic Synthesis online (with structure search engine)
- The Collected Rantings of the alt.drugs.chemistry Legend POPeye
- The Collected Rantings of the alt.drugs.chemistry Legend Eleusis/Zwitterion
- m-Chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) Reaction Handbook (PDF)
- m-Chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) Technical Bulletin (PDF)
- Color test drug identification reference (PDF)
- Comprenhensive organic reduction overview
- Essential Oils in Hundreds of Plants, all Containing Phenylpropene Derivatives
- E-Book: Vogel's Practical Organic Chemistry, 3rd Ed. (DejaVu Format)
- Nickel-on-Charcoal - A dirt cheap Pd/C alternative? (PDF)
- Nickel-on-Charcoal - Improved preparation (PDF)
- A Whirlwind Tour of Current Mitsunobu Chemistry (PDF)
- Aryl Halides to Thiophenols using Thiourea
- Organic Structure Determination Bibliography
- The Watcher's Chemistry Works (Snapshot Jan 2003)
- CTH Removal of N-Benzyl groups
- CTH Removal of N-Benzyl groups
- Oxidation of Benzylalcohols to Benzaldehydes with DMSO
- Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution - Activation, Deactivation and Regioselectivity
- E-Book: 'Hydrogenation Methods' by Paul. N. Rylander (DejaVu Format)
- Synthesis of Methanesulfonate Esters (Mesylates) From Alcohols
- The Biochemistry of Drugs and Poisons (PDF)
- The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Research Monographs
- 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): One Designer Drug and Serendipity
- Two-Carbon Homologation of Grignard Reagents to Primary Amines
- One-Pot Synthesis of Carbamates: Alkylation of Amines with R-O-Ts/PTC/K2CO3/CO2
References
- Lilienthal's Pharmacological and Chemical References
- Large collection of phenethylamine and tryptamine synth refs
- Phenethylamine synthesis patents
- Reduction of Nitrostyrenes to Phenethylamines - Comprehensive Literature Search
- Synthesis of Nitrostyrenes by Condensation of Benzaldehydes with Nitroalkanes
- Neurotransmitter.Net - Great Abstracted Neuropharmacology Archive
- The collected works of hallucinogen researcher Richard A Glennon
- The Albert Hofmann Collection: LSD & Psilocybin References
- MDMA: A Review of the English-Language Scientific and Medical Literature
- Detection and Analysis of Drugs of Forensic Interest, Literature Review 1992-2001
- Literature Review: Forensic Analysis of GHB, GBL and 1,4-BD
Microwave Chemistry Research
- Microwave Chemistry tips
- Microwave Chemistry FAQ
- Dariusz Bogdall's Microwave Syntheses
- Miscellaneous information on clays
- MW-chem: Preparation of alkyl azides from alkyl bromides
- MW-chem: Reductive amination with NaBH4
- MW-chem: Reduction of carbonyl compounds with NaBH4
- MW-chem: Nitroalkene preparation from benzaldehydes (PDF)
- MW-chem: Benzaldehydes from alcohols using MnO2/Silica (PDF)
- MW-chem: Preparation of beta-nitrostyrenes from styrenes
- MW-chem: An introductory overview from New Scientist by Gavin Whittaker
- MW-Chem: Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation
- MW-Chem: Ethers from alcohols and alkyl halides
- MW-chem: Theoretical and mechanistical background (PDF)
- MW-chem: Organic Chemistry Review (PDF)
- MW-chem: Wolff-Kishner reduction of ketones to hydrocarbons (PDF)
- MW-chem: Oxidation of Alcohols to Ketones
- MW-chem: High-yielding Azidation of Primary and Secondary Tosylates
- MW-chem: Solvent-Free Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Inactive Aryl Halides